In September, when the weather gradually turns cold and the seasons change alternately, it is a season of high incidence of various respiratory diseases and infectious diseases, and this month is just the beginning of the school season. As students gather in large numbers in a short time, we should pay attention to the occurrence of tuberculosis in schools. In addition, we should focus on monkeypox, norovirus and human avian influenza.
I. Prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis in schools
Tuberculosis is a chronic respiratory infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the patients with positive etiology are its important source of infection. The disease is mainly transmitted by respiratory droplets. With the coming of school season, we should be alert to the occurrence of cluster epidemic in schools.
preventive measure
1, the entrance examination of freshmen, the tuberculosis examination project as a new entrance examination and staff entry examination and routine physical examination will be checked;
2. Make full use of students’ morning check-up, absence due to illness and cause tracking, strengthen the active monitoring of tuberculosis in schools, find cases in time, and prevent the spread; Do a good job in screening, medical observation and follow-up of close contacts;
3, often open the window in the room for ventilation, do not spit everywhere, cover your nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing;
4, cough, expectoration for more than 2 weeks, or sputum with blood, should doubt whether you have tuberculosis, to be examined in time; If there are suspicious symptoms of tuberculosis or after being diagnosed with tuberculosis, you should take the initiative to report to the school, do not hide your illness, and do not attend classes with illness; Once diagnosed with tuberculosis, you should immediately receive standardized treatment in designated medical institutions for tuberculosis. Students with pulmonary tuberculosis should accept the management of suspension from school according to the relevant requirements of the Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Tuberculosis in Schools in China.
Second, prevent monkeypox
The spread of monkeypox virus between people is mainly through contact with the skin or mucous membrane injury of monkeypox patients, oral secretions, respiratory droplets, articles contaminated by the virus (such as bedding) and so on.
According to the Guide to Public Protection of Monkeypox (2023), the high-risk groups of monkeypox infection include people who live with or have close contact with monkeypox patients, such as men who have sex with men; People who come into contact with monkeypox patients, including health workers of monkeypox virus; Children, pregnant women and people with low immunity.
Although monkeypox is generally susceptible to people and has a certain risk of transmission, compared with the transmission speed of respiratory infectious diseases such as COVID-19 and influenza, the transmission speed of monkeypox is still relatively slow. Moreover, compared with sexual transmission, the risk of daily contact transmission is relatively low. In daily life, it is not easy to get monkeypox by paying attention to self-protection.
preventive measure
1, strengthen the awareness of self-protection, timely attention to the region or travel destination monkeypox epidemic information. Avoid unsafe sex (such as online dating, multiple sexual partners, etc.) in areas where monkeypox epidemic is taking place.
2, if found with a rash (especially genitals, perianal and other parts), to avoid close contact with it.
3, the use of condoms can not completely prevent infection with monkeypox virus.
4. In case of discomfort during entry and exit, inform the vehicle attendants in time and truthfully, and cooperate with them to protect themselves.
5. Entry personnel shall take appropriate management measures for entry as required, and implement self-health monitoring. If there are unwell symptoms such as unexplained acute rash and lymphadenopathy, they shall immediately declare and inform the doctor of their contact history.
Third, prevent norovirus gastroenteritis
Norovirus is the main pathogen of sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in the world. The annual epidemic peak in the whole province is from October of that year to April of the following year, which is often called "winter vomiting disease". Aggregation and outbreak mainly occur in schools, kindergartens and other places where people gather. At present, the province has entered the school season, and all kinds of schools and kindergartens should pay special attention to the occurrence of norovirus epidemic.
Key points of prevention and control
1, to maintain good personal hygiene habits, don’t eat cold and spoiled food, thoroughly clean raw fruits and vegetables, seafood must be thoroughly cooked before eating. Pay attention to drinking water hygiene at ordinary times.
2. Wash your hands frequently with soap and running water for at least 20 seconds to prevent the virus from entering the digestive tract. It should be noted that sterilized paper towels and hand sanitizer without washing can not replace standard hand washing procedures.
3. In the popular season, go to crowded public places less and reduce the chance of infection.
4, usually pay attention to exercise and enhance physical fitness; When symptoms of diarrhea and vomiting appear, you should seek medical attention in time and be relatively isolated from your family. After vomiting and diarrhea, you should clean and disinfect contaminated environmental surfaces and clothes. Kitchen workers should maintain good hand hygiene and avoid direct contact with ready-to-eat food with bare hands.
5, collective units in the discovery of epidemic signs should be timely contact with the CDC area, to jointly verify and dispose of the epidemic as soon as possible.
Fourth, beware of human infection with avian influenza
Since July 2021, human cases of avian influenza infection have been reported in many places in China, and reports of poultry infection have also occurred from time to time, suggesting that avian influenza virus still exists in the environment, and the risk of human infection has not decreased.
The main source of human infection with avian influenza is contact with infected live poultry or having been to the contaminated live poultry market. In the initial stage, patients usually show flu-like symptoms, such as fever, cough and shortness of breath, which may be accompanied by headache, muscle aches, diarrhea and other systemic symptoms. Severe patients’ condition develops rapidly, and severe pneumonia usually occurs within 3 ~ 7 days after onset, and their body temperature mostly stays above 39℃, showing severe pneumonia and other manifestations.
Preventive measures
1. Try to avoid touching live birds or going to places with live birds. If contact is necessary, personal protection should be done, such as wearing masks and gloves. You need to clean your hands thoroughly after contact.
2. Purchase chilled poultry that have passed quarantine inspection in the regular market, and avoid purchasing live poultry.
3. Pay attention to personal protection when handling poultry, wear masks and gloves, and wash your hands as soon as possible.
4, pay attention to separate raw and cooked, poultry should be thoroughly cooked before eating, do not purchase, cook, eat poultry from unknown sources or sick birds.
5. Pay attention to personal protection and reduce contact when going to parks with more wild birds, areas with more free-range live birds, and markets where live birds are sold.
In addition to the above
Nursery institutions should also pay attention to influenza, hand, foot and mouth, etc.
In addition, walking the baby outdoors in autumn is a fresh air.
Don’t forget to prevent ticks.
Finally, I wish you all health and safety!
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Original title: "Jiangsu CDC’s latest disease prevention tips! 》
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