标签： 苏州夜生活

On July 20th, the 6th Academic Journal History Editors’ Forum on "Building a High-quality Academic Journal with a Global Perspective" was held in Changchun, which was sponsored by the National Research Association of Liberal Arts Journals of Colleges and Universities, and hosted by the School of History and Culture of Northeast Normal University, the Editorial Department of Foreign Studies and the Editorial Department of Journal of Northeast Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition).

take a group photo

Professor Guo Jiahong, vice chairman of the National Research Association of University Journals of Liberal Arts, executive editor of Journal of Beijing Normal University (Social Science Edition), Liu Wenshan, vice chairman of the National Research Association of University Journals of Liberal Arts, editor and editor, and Professor Zhong Weimin, vice chairman of the National Research Association of University Journals of Liberal Arts and executive deputy editor of Journal of Tsinghua University (Philosophy and Social Science Edition), Researcher Xu Zairong, deputy editor-in-chief and editorial director of World History, Professor Miao Shumei, editor-in-chief of History Monthly, Professor Fu Haiyan, editor-in-chief of Journal of Central China Normal University (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition), researcher Xu Zhimin, deputy editor-in-chief and editorial director of Historical Theory Research, professor Feng Lijun, editor-in-chief of Journal of Shaanxi Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), and Journal of Anhui University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) Professor Ma Linghe, executive editor of Journal of Anhui Normal University (Social Science Edition), Professor Chen Liang, vice president of the School of History of Nanjing University, Zhao Ziyuan, deputy editor-in-chief of Tianjin Ancient Books Publishing House, researcher Xu Tao, director of the editorial department of Shilin, deputy editor-in-chief of Liu Qingtao, deputy editor-in-chief of the editorial department of Research on History and Geography of China’s Frontier, deputy editor-in-chief of organ of Journal of Peking University (Philosophy and Social Science Edition) and responsible editor of Journal of Tsinghua University (Philosophy and Social Science Edition). Researcher Li Liu, deputy editor-in-chief of social science front, Professor Li Yueqin, deputy editor-in-chief of History Teaching, Associate Professor Li Jing, deputy dean of School of History and Culture of Southwest University (in charge of Western History), and Professor Yan Wei, executive editor of Middle East Studies,Professor Qi Yan, director of the history department of Heilongjiang University and editor of Qiushi Journal, Professor Zhang Qiang, editor-in-chief of Ancient Civilization, Professor Guo Dantong, deputy editor-in-chief of Foreign Studies, and more than 60 experts, scholars and journal editors from dozens of journals all over the country attended the meeting. Wang Yan, deputy secretary of the Party Committee of Northeast Normal University, and Professor Bai Weichun, member of the Standing Committee of the Party Committee of Northeast Normal University and editor-in-chief of Journal of Northeast Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), attended the meeting. The opening ceremony of the conference was presided over by Professor Dong Haozhi, Dean of the School of History and Culture of Northeast Normal University and executive deputy editor of Foreign Studies.

In his speech, Wang Yan extended a warm welcome to the experts and scholars attending the meeting. He said that Northeast Normal University attaches great importance to the construction of history disciplines and the development of academic journals, with nearly 20 journals covering many disciplines. As a first-class leading discipline in the field of philosophy and social sciences, the history of East Normal University has also given full play to its disciplinary characteristics, insisted on being upright and innovative, and initiated "academic frontier defense" in the whole country with the help of geographical advantages, with the help of three core historical journals, namely, Studies on Foreign Issues and Ancient Civilization, in order to provide academic and intellectual support for the needs of national culture and diplomatic strategy. In the future, Northeast Normal University and East Normal University will continue to improve the quality of journals, serve academic research and discipline construction, and contribute wisdom and strength to the prosperity and development of China’s journals.

The main venue

Guo Jiahong pointed out that leading innovation is the mission of academic journals, and the editorial team is the core of journal construction. At present, academic journals have ushered in a golden age, and it is the top priority to convene journal editors to carry out academic dialogue and organize experience exchange to create high-quality journals. As an important carrier and exhibition platform of high-level research achievements in history, academic journals are facing the challenges of globalization and digitalization. He emphasized that academic journals should not only improve their political position, but also adhere to the people-centered academic value position and publication construction direction, give full play to their academic service capabilities, and push China’s historical research to the world. Subsequently, he gave a brief report on the recent work of the research society of liberal arts journals in colleges and universities around the key points of periodical quality inspection and evaluation, young editors’ business skills competition, excellent editors’ selection activities and editing skills training.

Bai Weichun pointed out that the Party Committee of Northeast Normal University attached great importance to the construction of academic journals of liberal arts, and set the objectives and related strategies for spreading China’s academic discourse and prospering and developing China’s philosophy and social sciences. For a long time, Journal of Northeast Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) has always focused on high-quality development and carried out its work with the concept of serving schools, disciplines, academics and scholars. The history of East Normal University is profound and influential. Journal of Northeast Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) also insists on doing a good job in the history column as an important task in the publication construction. It works closely with the School of History and Culture, adheres to the leading-edge problem orientation, and makes contributions in a column style, making lasting efforts for the development of the history discipline. Finally, he invited the scholars present to put forward valuable opinions on the development of the journal of liberal arts in Northeast Normal University, and hoped to continue to communicate and cooperate with experts in the future work.

The keynote speech session was hosted by Li Yueqin. Miao Shumei gave a report entitled "Young Talents Training and Academic Mission of Journals —— Taking History Monthly as an Example". She pointed out that cultivating young talents has always been one of the basic purposes of History Monthly. Since its publication, the publication of History Monthly has always focused on young historians, attaching importance to and supporting young people to publish research results. In the subsequent development, Historical Monthly still adheres to the principle of cultivating new people’s sense of responsibility, adhering to the principle of "undifferentiated quality first", cultivating new historians with a tolerant attitude and a developmental vision, and discovering new historians, which has won unanimous praise from historical predecessors and won the broad trust of the younger generation. In addition, she introduced the situation of youth forum jointly organized by History Monthly and other academic institutions, and said that she would continue to undertake the academic mission of cultivating successors in the field of history in the future.

Fu Haiyan, with the topic "Difficulties and Challenges Faced by the Historical Column of University Journals under the New Situation", discussed that compared with professional journals, the historical column of university journals has some shortcomings in the richness of manuscripts, the amount of manuscripts published and the academic influence. Secondly, he emphasized that comprehensive journals are caught in the double structural dilemma of periodical evaluation system and academic evaluation system. Although journals strive to coordinate the layout resources of literature and history with other categories and the publishing opportunities of senior scholars and young talents, the balance between them is still difficult to grasp. At the same time, Fu Haiyan put forward the idea of establishing a community of historical editors, and responded to the current predicament by ensuring the number of columns, improving the quality of column papers, and giving full play to the characteristics of column styles. Then, he called for the support of evaluation institutions, hoping to realize the synergy and interaction among journals, evaluation institutions and the community, and jointly promote the construction and development of historical columns in journals of major universities.

Xu Zairong gave a report on the topic "The Interaction between Editors and Authors in the Construction of Professional Academic Journals —— Taking World History as an Example". Based on his own experience in running journals, he emphasized the subjectivity of editors and pointed out that the role of editors is changing from providing editing and proofreading services to actively participating in the production and dissemination of academic knowledge. Facing the new academic ecology, journals need to strengthen topic planning, organize dynamic columns and written talks, actively build academic exchange platforms, and promote the growth of young and middle-aged scholars. In addition, he also shared various measures implemented by the editorial department of World History, and proposed that only by ensuring the standardization and self-discipline of editing work with rules and regulations can the journal continuously improve its academic quality and influence. He emphasized that the editor’s shift to the subjective role does not mean the weakening of its service, but aims to interact with the author more actively in his work, and the two sides work together to achieve academic innovation.

Ma Linghe published it with the title of "Some Opinions on the Construction of Economic History Columns". He pointed out that although economic history is an important part of historical research, it is currently faced with the dilemma that professional journals are scarce and column characteristics are difficult to achieve. Combined with personal experience, he pointed out the problems faced by economic history columns, such as cross-domain manuscript sources, fragmentation of research, poor readability of articles, and called on journals to play an academic leading role, publish guiding manuscripts, guide academic circles to pay attention to emerging trends, expand the perspective of investigation, build a theoretical framework, and carry out logical analysis to avoid data stacking. He believes that the study of economic history should attach importance to comparative study and international perspective, form its own discourse and narrative, and thus promote the study of Chinese economic history to the world. Ma Linghe said that the role of journals is to lead and proofread. He expected that with the joint efforts of journals and scholars, the field of economic history could break through the bottleneck, get out of the predicament and create a new pattern of discipline development.

Chen Liang published a report entitled "Introduction of Digital Technology and Innovation of Historical Research", which discussed the historical editors’ examination of digital humanities and the problems faced by traditional historiography under the background of digitalization. He first pointed out that history, as the foundation of liberal arts, is unique in the dialogue between disciplines and different in methodology. Subsequently, based on the assertion that "history is evergreen", he analyzed the opportunities brought by digital technologies such as text mining, foreign language translation assistance, database scanning and intelligent retrieval to historical research, and also emphasized that technology should serve historical issues rather than replace historical research itself, and enumerated the limitations of artificial intelligence in material collection and reading through vivid examples. Finally, Chen Liang called on historical editors to be vigilant in the digital age, to adapt to technological progress while ensuring the quality and academic value of published articles, and to use new technologies to enhance editorial efficiency and publication influence.

Xu Tao’s report is entitled "Shi Lin and the Exploration of the Construction of the Three Systems of History Discipline". He emphasized that history occupies a unique position in both theory and reality. Based on this, history editors should act positively and be brave in innovation. Later, he reviewed his specific work as an editor, shared the universal experience and representative problems in the construction of historical journals, and especially talked about the persistence and breakthrough in the predicament of tight financial support and lack of professional team when Shilin was first created. Then, he concisely summarized the concept of "change and invariability" in running a journal, and emphasized that while adhering to China’s position, it is necessary to keep up with the pace of the times, flexibly coordinate the proportion of disciplines at all levels of history, and set topics that are close to the pulse of the times. In addition, he also advocated that editors should hold interdisciplinary, cross-industry and full-coverage seminars, invite researchers and evaluation system personnel to participate together, and work together to promote the in-depth development of the three major systems of history.

The meeting has two sub-venues, with a total of four group discussions.

The first session of the first session was presided over by Qin Weibo, managing editor of Journal of Northeast Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), Qi Yan, historical editor of Qiushi Journal, Zhang Dengde, deputy editor of Journal of Shandong Normal University (Social Sciences Edition), Yan Wei, executive editor of Middle East Studies, Feng Lijun, editor of Journal of Shaanxi Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), and Zhao, deputy editor of Tianjin Ancient Books Publishing House. Wen Fangfang, editor in charge of Journal of Tsinghua University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), Wang Xueli, editor of Journal of Jilin University Social Sciences, Jane Meiqing, editor of Journal of Anhui University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), Tiantian Wang, editor of History Teaching, Liu Yi, deputy editor of Regional Culture Research, editor of Journal of Hebei Normal University, and Zhang Angxiao, director of China History Teaching and Research Office of Hebei Normal University School of History and Culture, participated in the discussion. In today’s academic environment, academic journals are facing many challenges, such as the difficulty of soliciting manuscripts, the uneven quality of manuscripts and the complex evaluation system, which makes a universal anxiety spread among editors. New problems need new responses, and new requirements bring new standards. Focusing on "the challenge and accomplishment of historical editors", editors share their own experiences and point out that historical editors are gradually moving closer to "scholar editors", which requires not only accumulating profound historical professional knowledge, but also consciously exercising academic insight and professional skills. At the meeting, editors explored the new path of industry development through discussion, so as to better cope with the complex and changeable academic environment and provide help for the development of history.

The first branch meeting place

The second unit of the first session was presided over by Guan Qin, deputy editor of Journal of Peking University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition). Zhang Zhidong, editor-in-chief of Journal of Anhui University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), Bai Xiaoguang, editor-in-chief of Siberian Studies, Li Yueqin, deputy editor-in-chief of History Teaching, Li Jing, vice president of School of History and Culture of Southwest University, Li Xiaoyang, editor of Central Plains Cultural Studies, Zhang Yanling, deputy editor-in-chief of Journal of Shaanxi Normal University, Li Liu, deputy editor-in-chief of social science front, Zhang Xiuli, deputy editor-in-chief of History Monthly, Du Ping, deputy editor of Journal of Capital Normal University (Social Science Edition), Liang Xia, executive deputy editor of Journal of Qinghai Normal University (Philosophy and Social Science Edition) and Feng Ya, deputy editor of Journal of Northeast Normal University (Philosophy and Social Science Edition) participated in the discussion. This report focuses on "the shaping and selection of periodical style", and participants deeply exchanged their efforts in creating periodical style. Editors mostly rely on local cultural resources with local characteristics and dominant disciplines in universities to carry out thematic planning and the establishment of expert database, so as to attract high-quality manuscripts and promote the benign interaction between academic journals and disciplines. However, some experts also stressed that besides making use of the surrounding resources, the modeling of periodical style should be problem-oriented, and the columns should be adjusted and reconstructed to realize global dialogue, so as to realize the long-term development of periodicals and promote the deepening and wide dissemination of academic research.

The first unit of the second session was presided over by Xu Zhimin, deputy editor-in-chief and director of the editorial department of Historical Theory Research. Liu Qingtao, deputy director of editorial department of History and Geography of China’s Frontier; Yuan Hao, editor-in-chief of Journal of Daqing Normal University; Zheng Binbin, editor of Medical Social History Research; Zheng Guangchao, editor of History Collection; Wang Yuhai, editor of Shanghai Culture Publishing House; Zhao Guangjun, deputy editor-in-chief of History Monthly; Liu Jingyu, professor of East Asia Center of Beihua University; Zhai Yu, associate researcher of Guizhou Social Science; and deputy director of Social Science Research. During the meeting, editors, based on their own experience in reading manuscripts, held a heated discussion mainly around "Reconstruction and innovation of historical norms in the new era" and conducted in-depth exchanges on core issues such as writing norms of historical papers and construction of discourse system. The meeting pointed out that historical research in the era of globalization has ushered in new opportunities, which requires historians to pay attention to the integration of disciplines, cultivate a macro-thinking and analytical framework, and promote China’s historical discourse system to closely link with the theme of the times and respond to questions raised by international academic circles while maintaining its autonomy. In addition, the conference also advocated the use of social media to broaden the dissemination channels of academic achievements, enhance their social influence, and inject new vitality into the field of history.

The second branch meeting place

The second session of the second session was presided over by Xiao Haiyan, deputy editor of Journal of Central China Normal University (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition), Zhu Yiqing, editor of Folk Studies, Qiao Yu, associate professor of the School of History of Capital Normal University, editor of Global History Review, Chen Yingxue, associate professor of Peking University History Department and editor of Western Studies, Zhang Xiangmei, editor of Guangdong Social Sciences, and Journal of Hebei Normal University (philosophy and social sciences). Yan Wenlong, the historical editor of Journal of Tianjin Normal University (Social Science Edition), Zhao Wenduo, the editorial director of Journal of Beihua University (Social Science Edition), Ma Yuzhong, the deputy director of the Journal Center of Northwest Normal University, Zhang Kejun, the historical editor of Dongjiang Journal, and PG One, the historical editor of Heilongjiang Social Science, participated in the discussion. The style of academic columns of history is the result of the joint efforts of editors and authors. The editors of this field actively discussed the problem of "the formation of characteristic columns of historical journals" based on their own work of running journals. Editors actively interact with academic circles, organically combine academic hotspots with academic advantages by actively soliciting manuscripts, planning themes, and holding academic workshops, thus gradually forming historical columns with their own unique styles. At present, on the basis of maintaining their traditional advantage columns, major journals are also actively exploring new column directions, so as to balance academic research with the needs of the real society and shape the rich diversity and professional depth of academic columns of history.

Flag handover ceremony

The closing ceremony of the meeting was presided over by Professor Guo Dantong, and Professor Feng Lijun, Professor Zhang Zhidong, Editor Zheng Guangchao and Professor Zhao Wenduo made summary reports on behalf of each unit respectively. Vice Chairman Liu Wenshan handed over the flag with the next organizer, Journal of Huazhong Normal University (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition). Professor HanDong Yu, editor-in-chief of Foreign Studies, School of History and Culture of Northeast Normal University, and Professor Zhong Weimin, vice chairman of the National College Journal of Liberal Arts, delivered closing speeches. Focusing on practical problems and academic frontiers, Han Dongyu pointed out the great responsibility of academic journals, and encouraged historians in various fields to strengthen exchanges and work together to promote the prosperity and development of history in the new era. Zhong Weimin expressed his gratitude to Northeast Normal University and all the experts and scholars attending the meeting. While celebrating the successful conclusion of this forum, he also placed hopes on the convening of the next forum. At the conclusion of the conference, Guo Dantong pointed out that this forum has conducted extensive and in-depth discussions on the theme of innovation and development of historical journals. Experts and scholars have contributed their insights and valuable experience, forming an academic consensus and pointing out the direction for the development of historical journals. In the future work, historical journals will continue to adhere to academic quality, pay attention to content depth and originality, and actively explore new paths of digital transformation of historical journals, and constantly innovate, so as to contribute to the construction of the three major systems of China history and the community of human destiny.

　　Recently, the Japanese girlfriend of Jiang Jinfu, a well-known domestic actor, exposed many photos of bruises on various parts of her body on the Internet, and Jiang Jinfu also publicly issued a document, admitting that she had committed domestic violence and apologizing.

　　November 25th every year is the International Day for the Elimination of Domestic Violence established by the United Nations, also known as the International Day against Domestic Violence. Not many people know this day, but there are not many people who are silently suffering from domestic violence in their lives.

　　According to the "Special Report on Judicial Big Data of Divorce Disputes" recently released by the Supreme Court, applying to the court for dissolution of marriage on the grounds of "domestic violence" ranks the second reason for divorce, accounting for 14.86%, second only to "emotional disharmony". In fact, domestic violence nowadays is not only between husband and wife.

　　Do you know any domestic violence around you? What kind of behavior is domestic violence? Recently, a reporter from chongqing morning post interviewed this.

　　If a wife can’t do anything well, she should learn a lesson.

　　Zhang Xiuying, 72, was sitting in the courtyard dam, burying his face and his eyes were red. After removing her hand, a deep palm print was left on her cheek, which was played by her 76-year-old wife Zheng You. This is a domestic violence case released by the Rights Protection Department of the Municipal Women’s Federation.

　　Zheng You has always been more capable, but Zhang Xiuying is not very good at housework. Zheng You does all the work at home and abroad. Sometimes when he is tired, he will fly into a rage and beat his wife to trap to feel avenged.

　　"It’s natural to beat your wife." Zheng You said angrily, "The old woman can’t do anything well, that’s the lesson!"

　　The village "two committees" immediately set up a help team to intervene, and after visiting to find out the basic situation, they formulated a help plan. They found that the most important reason for domestic violence is that the husband and wife are uneducated and lack legal knowledge. Although Zheng You also realized that beating people was wrong, he had no idea that domestic violence was an illegal and criminal act, and he had never heard of the Anti-Domestic Violence Law. Zhang Xiuying silently endured domestic violence and didn’t realize that her rights and interests had been violated.

　　Therefore, every time the help team visits the home, they will repeatedly explain the laws and regulations such as the Anti-Domestic Violence Law. At the same time, the deep-seated reasons of family violence are analyzed: the couple are old and sick, and their lives are stretched; Zheng You was busy growing vegetables and living, and he didn’t have a hot meal when he got home. When he was in a hurry, he couldn’t help being rude. To this end, the help team took the initiative to help Zheng You arrange sanitation work in the village, which solved the practical difficulties of his family. Through many visits and contacts, the support team found that the couple actually had a good emotional foundation, and there were no principled differences or major contradictions. Zhang Xiuying is not good at housework mainly because she is old, sickly, slow, honest and not capable, and she feels guilty for not being able to share it with her husband.

　　As a result, the help team found the couple’s children again, asking them to visit their parents more, to rebuild the family warmth, so that they can understand each other’s difficulties and cherish the old company more. Slowly, Zheng You realized the harm of domestic violence, slowly learned to be considerate of his wife, and after helping and intervening, there was no domestic violence again.

　　"Xiong Haizi" is disobedient, and dad is fist educated.

　　In April, a 12-year-old boy came from Yuzhong District Women’s Federation. He first wandered in the corridor and then looked into the office. Chen Qian, vice chairman of the Women’s Federation, noticed him. After asking, he learned that this junior high school boy named Ding Ding came for help because of domestic violence. His father’s education method is simple and rude, and what goes wrong is a beating — — Eat slowly, hit; Stuttering, hitting; The academic performance has dropped. Fight!

　　Fist has become the main way of communication between father and son.

　　Chen Qian put down his work and had a few serious talks with Tintin first. She told Ding Ding, you see how hard it is for Dad to work outside every day to get money to take care of his family. "You are a man. It’s wrong for Dad to hit you, but you should also think about what you did badly."

　　Chen Qian made several phone calls with Tintin’s father to find out the situation. The father has repeatedly said that Tintin is a "Xiong Haizi" and always makes himself angry if he doesn’t listen. Because my education level is not high, and I am not very reasonable, I can’t control my fist when I see my child disobeying.

　　Chen Qian told him that you see that children know how to find 110 and ask the Women’s Federation for help, which is very generous and can tell the whole story clearly. It is generally difficult for children of the same age to do it. This is Ding Ding’s strength! Chen Qian tried to let his father see the bright spot of the child, and also told him the seriousness of hitting the child. If the circumstances are serious, it will constitute a crime. Chen Qian later followed this ordinary domestic violence incident many times and found that the relationship between father and son had obviously eased and improved.

　　It is common for parents to beat their children. As everyone knows, it may have violated the law.

　　So, how to define whether "beating children" constitutes domestic violence? Lawyer Wang Tianqiang of Beijing Dacheng (Chongqing) Law Firm said that minors were beaten by their parents for the purpose of education and did not cause harm to minors’ body and mind, which belongs to normal family education. Parents’ abusive behavior, which is not aimed at education, directly affects minors’ bodies, causing them physical or mental pain and damaging their physical health and personal dignity, is a violation of the Anti-Domestic Violence Law (which came into effect on March 1, 2016) and the Criminal Law. The relevant provisions on domestic violence in the Opinions on Handling Domestic Violence Crimes in accordance with the law of the two houses of congress should be in accordance with the law. Its boundary is whether the infringement has caused harm to its body and whether its harm has violated the law.

　　Expert interpretation

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　　Domestic violence between husband and wife is mostly in these situations.

　　The Municipal Women’s Federation has analyzed the cases of domestic violence letters and visits, and thinks that domestic violence between husband and wife is mostly:

　　One is to treat the woman as a punching bag. Most women who suffer from domestic violence have no fixed job and income, low education level and financial independence. Their dependence on the man reduces their status in the family, and they become the "accessories" and "punching bags" of the man in life, and they are beaten and scolded by the man for no reason.

　　Second, men have bad habits. Some men are grumpy, selfish, and lack of love and responsibility. When some requirements are not met or their families interfere with their bad habits such as drinking, gambling and drug abuse, when their wives persuade them or when their husbands and wives quarrel, the man overpowers the woman with violence.

　　The third is the escalation of physical conflict. When some couples had physical conflicts in the early days, the woman forbeared again and again for reasons such as "speaking out to lose face", "forbearing too much" and "the man was drunk and in a bad mood", which led to the man becoming accustomed to it and escalating into domestic violence.

　　The fourth is the type of intentional trouble. The relationship between the two sides is not harmonious or the man has an extramarital affair. The man is unwilling to file for divorce for some reasons, but forces the woman to file for divorce on her own initiative through domestic violence. Most women who suffer from domestic violence, especially those whose children are young or have no fixed jobs, are reluctant to divorce, mostly because they are worried that divorce will bring adverse effects to their children or that they will be homeless after divorce.

　　remind

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　　Remember to leave evidence in case of domestic violence.

　　Yuzhong District Court has conducted statistics, and in recent years, about 10% of the marriage and family disputes concluded involved domestic violence. Because domestic violence occurs among family members, the location is relatively private, and the parties have poor awareness of preserving and fixing evidence, which leads to cases of domestic violence that are difficult to prove and judicial identification.

　　In 2016, in 53 cases of family disputes involving domestic violence in Yuzhong District Court, the parties only raised domestic violence in the form of oral statements, and 41 cases were unable to provide any evidence, accounting for 77.3%. In this case, violence cannot be identified. 12 pieces of evidence materials such as photos, police records, witness testimony or medical records can be provided, accounting for 22.6%. Among the cases that provided evidence of domestic violence, 6 cases could not be identified as violence due to only photos or medical records and the relevance of witness identity, and only 6 cases were finally identified as domestic violence.

　　Remember the rights hotline 12338.

　　The Rights Protection Department of the Municipal Women’s Federation stressed that domestic violence is an illegal act, not a housework, so we must say "no" to domestic violence!

　　The Municipal Women’s Federation suggested that there are several ways to deal with domestic violence: victims of domestic violence, their legal representatives and close relatives can complain, reflect or ask for help to the units where the perpetrators or victims work, residents’ committees, villagers’ committees, women’s federations and other units.

　　Victims of domestic violence, their legal representatives and close relatives may also report to the public security organ or bring a lawsuit to the people’s court according to law. You can request the public security organ to give criticism and education to the injurer or issue a warning.

　　Apply to the people’s court for a personal safety protection order because of domestic violence or the real danger of domestic violence.

　　For homeless victims of domestic violence, they can apply for asylum at the domestic violence shelter, which will provide temporary life assistance to victims of domestic violence.

　　Victims of domestic violence can also request trade unions, Communist Youth League, women’s federations, disabled federations, residents’ committees, villagers’ committees, etc. to provide legal education to perpetrators of domestic violence, and psychological counseling if necessary.

　　In addition, the Municipal Women’s Federation opened the 12338 hotline for women’s rights protection in 2005, covering the whole city in 2010. In 2015, the hotline was upgraded, and its functions were expanded to the hotline for rights protection consultation, psychological consultation and girl whisper. From November 2015 to September 2018, the Municipal Women’s Federation received more than 2,000 calls for help.

　　(The parties involved in domestic violence are pseudonyms)

　　laws and regulations

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　　People’s Republic of China (PRC) Domestic Violence Act

　　Article 16: If the circumstances of domestic violence are minor, and public security administration punishment is not given according to law, the public security organ shall give criticism and education to the offender or issue a warning.

　　The warning should include the identity information of the perpetrator, the factual statement of domestic violence, and the prohibition of domestic violence by the perpetrator.

　　Marriage Law of the People’s Republic of China

　　Article 43: If domestic violence or ill-treatment of family members is committed, the victim has the right to make a request, and the residents’ committee, villagers’ committee and the unit to which he belongs shall dissuade and mediate.

　　The victim has the right to make a request for the ongoing domestic violence, and the residents’ committee and villagers’ committee shall dissuade him; The public security organ should stop it.

　　If the victim makes a request for domestic violence or maltreatment of family members, the public security organ shall impose administrative punishment in accordance with the law on administrative penalties for public security.

　　People’s Republic of China (PRC) Public Security Administration Punishment Law

　　Article 43: Whoever beats another person, or intentionally hurts another person’s body, shall be detained for not less than five days but not more than ten days, and shall be fined not less than 200 yuan but not more than 500 yuan; If the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than five hundred yuan.

　　Article 45: Anyone who commits one of the following acts shall be detained for not more than five days or given a warning: (1) maltreating a family member, and the abused person requests to deal with it; (2) Abandoning a dependant who is unable to live independently.

　　Criminal Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC)

　　Article 234 Whoever intentionally harms another person’s body shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance.

　　Whoever commits the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph and causes serious injuries shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than ten years; Whoever causes death or causes serious disability by particularly cruel means shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years, life imprisonment or death. Where there are other provisions in this Law, such provisions shall prevail.

　　Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests

　　Article 46: Domestic violence against women is prohibited.

　　The state takes measures to prevent and stop domestic violence. Public security, civil affairs, judicial administration and other departments, as well as urban and rural grassroots mass autonomous organizations and social organizations, shall prevent and stop domestic violence within their respective functions and duties, and provide assistance to women victims according to law.

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　　What is domestic violence?

　　Domestic violence refers to physical and mental violations committed by family members by beating, binding, maiming, restricting personal freedom, and frequent abuse and intimidation. The traditional definition of domestic violence refers to the behavior between family members, but with the development of the times, the definition of "family members" seems too narrow, and there are more and more phenomena of cohabitation before marriage and divorce without leaving home in society, and the anti-domestic violence law also has relevant provisions on this. Therefore, violence between non-marital partners can also be implemented with reference to the provisions of the anti-domestic violence law.

　　Domestic violence is hidden, and many families are "quarreling — Violence — Reconciliation "in the cycle, because in the face of family members with deep feelings, many victims are reluctant to tell outsiders, let alone resort to the law. It is only the tip of the iceberg that domestic violence cases have been discovered and entered the proceedings. Even in the investigated domestic violence cases, most of the victims have actually suffered from long-term violence before the incident, and they have to endure the limit before they speak out.

　　Yuzhong District Court analyzed the concluded cases involving domestic violence, and found that the forms of violence were diversified, mainly physical violence such as beating, injury and restriction of personal freedom, and showed diversified and compound characteristics.

　　Most of the victims of domestic violence are women. For the purpose of saving marriage, domestic violence is regarded as a domestic affair. During the marriage relationship, victims often take a tolerant attitude towards domestic violence or respond by "fighting violence with violence". Only when filing a divorce lawsuit, the victim takes domestic violence as the reason for filing for divorce.

Beijing, March 25 (Xinhua) According to the Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, with the improvement of people’s living standards and the enhancement of health awareness, more and more consumers are used to buying bottled water or bottled water in their daily lives. Mineral water, natural water, distilled water … There are many kinds of drinking water in the market, which makes people dazzle. What’s the difference between these different names of water?

Bottled water and bottled water in the market belong to packaged drinking water. At present, the common packaged drinking water can be roughly divided into three categories: pure water, natural water or natural spring water and mineral water.

Pure water:

Purified drinking water is made by distillation, electrodialysis, ion exchange, reverse osmosis or other appropriate water purification processes. Distilled water on the market also belongs to pure water.

In the process of treatment, purified water removes harmful components such as bacteria, viruses, heavy metal elements and organic substances, and has low hardness and good taste, and can be directly drunk, without forming scale when boiling water. However, in the process of treatment, minerals beneficial to human beings such as potassium, calcium and zinc are also removed.

Natural water/natural spring water:

Drinking natural water and drinking natural spring water are all made from natural sources that have not passed through the public water supply system. The difference is that the water source of natural water can come from wells, mountain springs, reservoirs, lakes or alpine icebergs, while natural spring water can only come from underground springs.

These two kinds of water only need minimal treatment (such as filtration, ozone or equivalent treatment), that is, impurities and harmful substances in the water are removed, and the original minerals and trace elements beneficial to human beings are retained. The composition and proportion of mineral elements in natural water/natural spring water from different water sources are different, and there are also some differences in taste and water quality.

Mineral water:

The mineral water we talk about every day mainly refers to drinking natural mineral water. Drinking natural mineral water is water that naturally gushes from deep underground or is collected by drilling, contains a certain amount of minerals, trace elements or other components, and is unpolluted in a certain area and preventive measures are taken to avoid pollution; Under normal circumstances, its chemical composition, flow rate, water temperature and other dynamic indicators are relatively stable within the natural periodic fluctuation range.

Mineral water belongs to natural water in essence, but natural water is not necessarily mineral water. Mineral water must be deep groundwater, and its components such as minerals or carbon dioxide must meet one or more of the boundary indicators in national standards. Generally speaking, mineral water has stable water quality, little microbial content, and contains a certain amount of minerals and trace elements needed by human body, such as zinc, selenium and strontium.

In other words, the key to distinguish various packaged drinking water depends on its water source and implementation standards.

From the point of view of water source, pure water comes from public water supply or non-public water supply, while natural water, natural spring water and mineral water come from non-public water supply.

From the standard point of view, pure water, natural water and natural spring water implement the national standard for food safety-packaged drinking water (GB 19298-2014), while natural mineral water implements the national standard for food safety-drinking natural mineral water (GB 8537-2018).

Different packaged drinking water has different water quality and taste because of its different components.

What kind of water should we choose for our daily drinking?

From a health point of view, natural trace elements and minerals in water are valuable nutrition and health resources, so the more "pure" water is, the better. We should try our best to keep natural elements beneficial to human body and remove harmful components.

Scientific research shows that moderate amounts of calcium and magnesium in water have protective effects on cardiovascular health. Although the magnesium provided by water only accounts for 2%-4% of the human body’s needs, it can still play an important role for those who are mildly deficient in magnesium, such as those who take diuretics because of hypertension and heart disease.

In addition, compared with magnesium in food, magnesium in dissolved ionic state in water is more easily absorbed by human body. The World Health Organization (WHO) points out that drinking water without minerals for a long time can directly or indirectly lead to low or even zero absorption of beneficial minerals.

Therefore, pure water should not be used as a single daily drinking water for a long time, and it can be drunk occasionally or alternately with other types of drinking water.

Although purified water is not suitable for long-term drinking, in some cases, such as making tea, it has a unique advantage because it does not contain "impurities". As the saying goes, "water is the mother of tea", and good tea needs proper water brewing to complement each other. Scientific research shows that mineral content, pH and electrical conductivity in water are the main factors affecting the quality of tea. Higher pH will make the color of tea darker; Minerals easily react with some taste substances in tea, thus affecting the color and taste of tea. Pure water has a low pH and the least mineral content. When used to make tea, the soup is bright in color and pure in fragrance, which can best reflect the original taste of various teas.

So the higher the mineral content, the more beneficial it is to human health? Trace elements and minerals in water may improve some chronic diseases, such as digestive tract diseases. However, water with high mineral content is not suitable for everyone. In some cases, it is "too much" and must be selected according to its own situation.

★ If some studies believe that the immature kidneys of infants and young children, such as high mineral content in water, will increase the burden on the kidneys;

★ Children and people with weak renal function (such as renal dialysis patients, the elderly, etc.) should avoid drinking water with high strontium content for a long time, because low calcium intake may cause the risk of bone health for such people.

In fact, besides packaged drinking water, the most healthy and economical daily drinking water for ordinary people is boiled tap water, that is, boiled water. Tap water is the most common drinking water in China at present. It is taken from natural water sources on the surface or underground, purified and disinfected by a series of treatment processes, and then transported to thousands of households.

Liu Yuan

Lou Yu

Kou Yingjie

Outpatient problems

How to protect the rights and interests of interns?

Outpatient specialist

Researcher of Shaanxi Academy of Social Sciences   Liu Yuan

Associate Professor, Institute of Social Law, China University of Political Science and Law   Lou Yu

Lawyer of Beijing Bank of China Law Firm   Kou Yingjie

Expert opinion

◇ Interns are very replaceable, and it is easy for the unit to use its own advantages to recruit cheap labor, even free labor.

◇ According to the Regulations on the Management of Students’ Internship in Vocational Schools, the internship unit shall not arrange interns in vocational schools to work overtime or practice on legal holidays.

◇ Establish an organization similar to a trade union, which is responsible for receiving the demands of interns and specifically protecting the rights and interests of interns.

Colleges and universities should take the initiative to contact internship units for students and sign internship agreements with internship units; At the same time, in the process of students’ internship, the relevant responsible personnel of the school should follow up and protect them.

◇ For students’ internships in colleges and universities, the relevant departments should issue clear laws and regulations to stipulate the internship standards recognized as labor relations and the supervision obligations of schools. If there is any violation, schools and enterprises will bear joint and several liability.

Information picture

"I go to work at 8: 00 the first night, and I can only get off work at 7: 50 the next morning. I work for nearly 12 hours every day. I am not allowed to rest during my internship, and I am not allowed to ask for leave when I am sick …" Recently, this article published by Guangxi netizen Mo Xiao in Weibo attracted everyone’s attention. As graduation approaches every year, a large number of prospective graduates begin to look for job internships. Practice can be said to be a compulsory course for every college student, which can not only get credits for the "social practice" of the school, but also increase social experience and accumulate experience for future employment. However, in recent years, there have been many disputes about internship. Some people have worked hard for several months, but they can’t get internship wages and subsidies. Some people work overtime all night and can’t rest on holidays …

Does the intern have a labor relationship with his company?

Lou Yu, an associate professor at the Institute of Social Law of China University of Political Science and Law, said that there are three common employment methods between students and employers: the first is work-study program; The second is practice, that is, the work of consolidating the knowledge learned in class and improving the ability through practical training; The third is the job of prospective graduates, that is, the job aimed at employment before graduation. In the third case, students fully perform all the duties of their internship positions, which is also called "on-the-job internship". "Generally speaking, many countries will treat’ internship’ as a labor relationship. In 2010, the communique issued by the Supreme People’s Court also had the same statement. " Lou Yu said that as long as the content of labor conforms to the characteristics of establishing labor relations, it should be recognized as labor relations. "It is not entirely possible to judge whether the two parties have signed a labor contract or paid labor remuneration."

In this regard, Kou Yingjie, a lawyer of Beijing Bank of China Law Firm, believes that in principle, there is no labor relationship between interns and internship units, and it is not subject to the adjustment of labor law and labor contract law. There is a common civil legal relationship between interns and internship units, which is protected and adjusted by civil law and contract law.

Many factors together cause interns to become cheap labor.

The author searched online and found that there were media reports that a well-known factory illegally hired interns to work overtime to assemble mobile phones. Six students said that the school sent a total of 3,000 interns here for "compulsory" internships. They worked for 11 hours every day and were told that they needed to work in this factory for three months before they could graduate. In fact, many college students and vocational college students have been forced to work overtime and work night shifts. What’s more, some vocational schools act as contractors in student internships, using student labor cheaply or even free of charge, which greatly damages students’ rights and interests.

"There are many reasons for this phenomenon." Lou Yu said that interns are highly substitutable, and it is easy for companies to use their advantages to recruit cheap labor, even free labor. Secondly, some schools force students to provide labor as interns on the grounds of graduation in order to seek illegitimate interests from enterprises. In addition, the current laws and regulations do not clearly define the legal nature of internship, which leads to different recognition of the legal nature and standards of internship by local courts and arbitration institutions. These are the reasons that lead to the phenomenon of forced overtime in enterprises.

"China’s labor force is abundant, and employment pressure is a problem that every graduating student will face. From the perspective of enterprises, the value that interns create for enterprises is limited." Kou Yingjie said that many factors have caused interns to be treated as cheap labor. Although this is not what we want to see, it can only be gradually reversed according to the current situation of the job market.

"No enterprise is willing to do business at a loss. Interns generally cannot have the same skills and experience as regular workers, and their appeal to enterprises is limited, and internship is a necessary means to cultivate talents. " How to effectively solve this contradiction? Lou Yu suggested that the state give enterprises preferential tax policies when recruiting interns, especially "on-the-job interns" as laborers.

Kou Yingjie suggested that social guidance and publicity should be strengthened, and the government and schools should work together to change some bad ideas of enterprises on interns. Let interns contribute to the enterprise, but also get basic respect, treatment and protection.

Interns who encounter forced overtime can complain to relevant departments about their rights protection.

"According to the Regulations on the Management of Students’ Internship in Vocational Schools, internship units may not arrange interns to work overtime or practice on legal holidays." Kou Yingjie said that if the internship unit is forced to work overtime, the vocational school can adjust the internship arrangement according to the situation and require the internship unit to bear relevant responsibilities according to the internship agreement.

However, for students in ordinary colleges and universities, there are no clear restrictive provisions in the law at present. As long as interns voluntarily accept it, it is not prohibited by law. At the same time, because the two sides are not labor relations and are not subject to labor laws, enterprises do not have to pay overtime. "If the intern has a clear agreement on overtime and overtime payment in the internship agreement signed with the enterprise, it will be implemented according to the agreement of both parties." Yan Yingjie added.

In Kou Yingjie’s view, interns should not blindly obey such situations. They can report to schools, education departments and labor departments, and call the police if necessary. The most important thing is to protect their own safety and health. However, if the intern is injured during the internship, the internship unit needs to bear the corresponding compensation responsibilities, such as paying medical expenses, treatment expenses, nursing expenses, disability compensation, etc. Therefore, enterprises can take out commercial insurance such as personal accident insurance for interns during their internship to protect the interests of both parties.

Liu Yuan, a researcher at Shaanxi Academy of Social Sciences, said that an organization similar to a trade union can be established to receive the demands of interns and specifically protect the rights and interests of interns. In Lou Yu’s view, if the internship is recognized as a labor relationship, then the unit receiving the intern should abide by all kinds of labor and social security laws and regulations represented by labor law, labor contract law and social insurance law, and treat the interns’ vacation and overtime rights according to ordinary workers.

Protecting interns’ rights and interests requires joint efforts of many parties.

"It is the school’s obligation to arrange student internships." Kou Yingjie suggested that colleges and universities should take the initiative to contact internship units for students, and sign internship agreements with internship units, so as to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of students from the perspectives of safeguarding their vital interests and effectively achieving the internship effect. At the same time, during the internship process, the relevant responsible personnel of the school should follow up and protect them. If the school is irresponsible and causes students to get hurt during the internship, it is an unfulfilled obligation of management and protection, and the school needs to bear the supplementary liability for compensation.

Lou Yu suggested that the relevant departments should issue clear laws and regulations on the internship standards recognized as labor relations and the supervision obligations of the school. If any violation of the above standards or supervision obligations causes damage to the interns, the school and the enterprise shall bear joint liability.

　　Genetic test results cannot be used for insurance.

　　Would you like to have an uncomplicated genetic test so that you can know your chances of developing lung cancer at the age of 50? If this test result will be used in your insurance underwriting, will you agree? I’m afraid it depends on the result.

　　Genetic testing, which sounds like a high-tech means, is actually not far from people. Many insurance companies have tried to "buy insurance to send genetic testing". However, there are two sides to everything. Perhaps, because you carry a highly pathogenic gene of a disease, you will pay special attention to or buy a health insurance. But perhaps, the results of genetic tests will affect the rate at which you buy insurance — — Even if you carry a highly diseased gene, it will not break out for a lifetime.

　　This week, the China Insurance Regulatory Commission revised the management measures for health insurance, and is in the period of soliciting opinions. It is mentioned for the first time that when an insurance company sells health insurance products, it is not allowed to illegally collect and obtain genetic information and genetic testing data of the insured except family medical history; Nor may the applicant be required to provide it. An insurance company shall not take genetic information and genetic testing data other than the family medical history of the insured as underwriting conditions.

　　Buying insurance and testing genes is a double-edged sword.

　　As we all know, suffering from diseases has a considerable relationship with the genes carried by human beings. In the past, genetic testing was regarded as a great technology, far from ordinary people. Now, you only need your saliva or a very small amount of blood to detect more than 50 diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease and other gene-related diseases stipulated by the official critical illness insurance. The cost is only about 5,000 to 20,000 yuan. Even if you only look at a certain disease, the price of genetic testing can be achieved within 1,000 yuan.

　　In the era of big data, genetic testing is of unusual significance to insurance companies. Many insurance companies have cooperated with testing institutions to reduce the original expensive expenses so that ordinary people can also do genetic testing. This kind of "buy insurance and send genetic testing" product has been controversial since it entered the market. Among them, it involves not only ethics and privacy, but also policies and regulations.

　　For insurance companies, obtaining the genetic information related to the insured’s disease will make the level of risk controllable. For the insured, on the one hand, they want to know their genetic status, so as to judge whether to buy an insurance; On the other hand, they are worried that if the insurance company obtains its own genetic information, it will be refused insurance or raise the premium.

　　Genetic testing is a gray area.

　　You only need to scrape the epidermis on your mouth to know your risk probability of breast cancer in the future. This kind of "buy insurance and send genetic testing" is an innovative insurance, and it is also the initial stage of cooperation between insurance institutions and genetic testing institutions. The greater significance behind it is that genes containing a lot of body information are the most coveted big data in the insurance industry as a whole, and insurance companies can make more accurate risk pricing based on this database.

　　The person in charge of a large domestic life insurance company explained the genetic testing as follows: genetic testing can be used as the starting point of health management, and can provide targeted follow-up health management services according to the test results of customers. The results of genetic testing determine what kind of health services will be provided to customers in the future, and at the same time, a huge amount of health data can be obtained. At the same time, more accurate pricing can also be completed. However, to a certain extent, this is the adverse choice of insurance companies, and the principle of good faith has always been mutual.

　　The person in charge of this life insurance company told the reporter that a related case was reported abroad. A woman bought long-term care insurance after she found that the genetic test for the risk of Alzheimer’s disease was positive. Previously, the insurance company had tested her memory three times, and no abnormality was found in the genetic test.

　　If you are forced to test your genes, your concerns about the insured are more obvious. In addition to refusing insurance, privacy also has to be worried.

　　The new regulations prohibit the use of genetic testing for insurance.

　　China has always been in a vague area for genetic testing to be used in insurance. The new health insurance regulations in the consultation period explicitly mention for the first time: insurance companies selling health insurance products shall not illegally collect and obtain genetic information and genetic testing data of the insured except family medical history; Nor may the applicant be required to provide it. An insurance company shall not take genetic information and genetic testing data other than the family medical history of the insured as underwriting conditions.

　　Xia Ruxue, deputy general manager of the actuarial and big data department of Ping An Health Insurance, said that this move can completely block some companies or products from illegally collecting and obtaining the genetic information and genetic testing materials of the insured except family medical history in the name of genetic testing, or using genetic testing as a gimmick. "If the new regulations are officially promulgated, the related genetic testing insurance products on the market may undergo a wave of compliance adjustment".

　　The reporter learned that in many countries, whether genetic testing can be used for insurance has been controversial for many years. In order to minimize the negative impact of genetic testing technology on insurance, many countries have passed corresponding laws to guide it. Some countries prohibit the use of genetic testing results to some extent, some do not intervene, and some have a discussion period for several years before the laws are really passed, thus protecting both the insured and the insured, and safeguarding the interests of insurance companies.

　　What changes will the new health insurance regulations bring?

　　■ Long-term health insurance rates may be adjusted.

　　"Insurance companies can float the short-term health insurance rate, and the range does not exceed 30% of the benchmark rate; The insurance company may stipulate in the insurance products that the rate of long-term health insurance products shall be adjusted, and clearly indicate the trigger conditions for the rate adjustment. " This provision in the Opinion Draft means that it is possible to adjust the rate of long-term health insurance in the future.

　　The so-called long-term health insurance mainly refers to two products: one is health insurance with an insurance period of more than one year, and the other is health insurance with a guarantee renewal clause, although the insurance period does not exceed one year.

　　Guaranteed renewal clause refers to a contract in which the applicant applies for renewal of insurance before the expiration of the previous insurance period, and the insurance company must continue to underwrite according to the original clause and the agreed rate. To put it simply, the insurance company promises that the insured will underwrite according to the original terms and agreed rates every time he renews his insurance.

　　At present, the long-term health insurance rate is unchanged. In terms of critical illness insurance, consumers have bought a long-term critical illness insurance, and the premium paid every year is the same. According to the new regulations, if the rate of long-term health insurance can be adjusted, it means that the annual premium paid by consumers may be different, and it may rise in the future.

　　■ Information sharing between insurance companies and medical institutions

　　One of the highlights of the exposure draft is to increase the content of cooperation between health management services and medical insurance, encourage insurance companies to combine health insurance products with health management services, provide health risk assessment and intervention, and provide services such as disease prevention, health examination, health consultation, health maintenance, chronic disease management and health care, so as to reduce health risks and disease losses.

　　However, the exposure draft makes it clear that "health insurance products provide health management services, and their shared costs shall not exceed 20% of the net insurance premium". Services exceeding the above limits shall be priced separately, not included in the insurance premium, and the price of health management services shall be clearly stated in the contract.

　　According to the exposure draft, under the premise of fully protecting customer privacy and data security, insurance companies are encouraged to realize information interconnection and data sharing with medical institutions and basic medical insurance departments. In this regard, some professionals pointed out that breaking data barriers is an urgent task for insurance companies to cooperate in medical insurance business. With the subsequent information interconnection and data sharing, medical insurance and commercial insurance cooperation may have more to do.

　　Our reporter Fu Yang

ICAR brand night on the eve of Shanghai Auto Show, iCAR brand’s two new cars, iCAR GT and iCAR 03, made their world debut. iCAR 03, a hard-core SUV positioned as "urban hard-core off-road", and iCAR GT, a super-running concept car, made everyone shine. With the opening of Shanghai Auto Show, the two new cars also appeared in the iCAR brand exhibition hall. Today, Mao Ge took everyone’s curiosity and expectation for these two cars and brought them to the museum for real shooting.

iCAR 03

As the first mass-produced model of iCAR brand, its angular lines and cool shape make this car with the attribute of "urban hard-core off-road" very eye-catching. At the same time, iCAR 03 is also equipped with intelligent adaptive four-wheel drive and built-in all-aluminum girder, which has quite excellent off-road performance. And its design and function are also full of modernity and science and technology.

Specifically, in terms of design, iCAR 03 adopts the unique square shape of hard-core off-road as a whole. The front face adopts a closed front grille structure, and the protruding front grille and bumper form the effect of splitting up and down, which is elegant without losing the wild visual effect, making the front face of the car full of momentum.

In addition, the new car also adopts the design of penetrating headlight group, with the luminous LOGO in the center, which gives the front face a fashionable and technological atmosphere that pure electric vehicles should have.

On the side of the car body, the straight and tough lines outline the strength of the whole car body. The short front and rear suspension design is matched with a trapezoidal wheel arch with a large overhang and a large-size wheel rim equipped with all-terrain tires, which highlights the hard-core attributes of the new car.

The word ALLROAD on the car body also reveals its off-road positioning. In addition, the ABCD columns of the new car are all designed with black paint suspension, which complements the roof rack and adds a sense of urban fashion to this hard guy.

It is reported that the body size of the new car will not exceed 4200/1830/1700mm, but the wheelbase will reach 2700 mm.

The rear part is complementary to the front face design, and the hard-core off-road style is also very prominent. The rear taillights with vertical design on both sides are angular, and the internal light source is full of three-dimensional LED light source, so the overall visual effect is rugged without losing the sense of fashion and exquisite design. In addition, the trunk cover of the new car adopts a side-opening structure and is equipped with a square "small schoolbag". It is worth mentioning that the small schoolbag of the new car is different from the fuel version in that the interior is used as a storage function.

In terms of configuration, we can see that iCAR 03 is equipped with panoramic sunroof, retractable door handle and NFC key, which is also a popular element deeply loved by young consumers. In addition, the new car is expected to be equipped with iCAR’s intelligent cabin driving technology and more than 20 intelligent sensors to realize L2+ automatic driving. ICAR virtual human i-VA will be applied to the car system of iCAR 03 for the first time, which will undoubtedly bring more intelligent and humanized experience to users and make technology more temperature.

In terms of power, this car uses pure electric drive and will launch a variety of endurance versions. ICAR 03 is built with the user’s needs as the guide, accompanying users in the whole scene, and creating a "5+2" life full scene car experience for chasing new young people.

Concept car: iCAR GT

CAR GT is a futuristic concept car, which adopts the design language of "infinite light arc", making the whole car look more dynamic and smooth, and the overall style is very cool and exaggerated. When the gull-wing door opens like wings, it is more attractive and attractive.

ICAR GT’s body side adopts a very smooth design, and the nose dive posture gives people a ready impact. The B-pillar of the new car adopts the shape of fangs, which is very distinctive. Reminds people of the concept of future chariots.

At the back of the car, iCAR GT is equally futuristic. The tail is designed with a huge groove, which is full of fighting power, while the taillight style is similar to that of the headlights, making the whole tail look more neat and orderly. At the same time, the top of the tail adopts a convex design, which further highlights the sporty atmosphere of iCAR GT.

ICAR GT and iCAR 03 are both based on the i-MS multi-element Rubik’s Cube new energy architecture platform, adopting i-VA ecology, and the power system will use the battery brand ENER-Q jointly launched by Chery and Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited. More information from the iCAR brand and two new cars, One Cat Car will continue to pay attention and bring more reports to everyone.

Russian Navy aircraft carrier Kuznetsov Image source: Dongfang. com

　　The global financial crisis is spreading. At the critical moment when the new round of nuclear disarmament negotiations between the United States and Russia is about to begin, Russia has thrown out a military reform plan that is said to be "unprecedented", aiming at building a world-class army through streamlining reforms. This reform plan involves many aspects, such as the reduction of middle and senior officers, the reform of the establishment system, and the renewal of weapons and equipment, and proposes to complete the disarmament reform goal within three to four years.

　　The Russian military’s military reform plan this time reflects the tough attitude of the new president Medvedev towards military reform, and its intensity is indeed unprecedented. However, the author believes that the Russian military reform is bound to be affected by the world financial crisis and other factors, and will face many difficulties. There are still many variables in whether its reform goals can be achieved as scheduled.

　　The new and old presidents relay disarmament to promote the reform of the Russian army, and the "Mapo combination" and "strong alliance" are conducive to the development of the Russian army

　　In 2000, when Putin took over the presidency from Yeltsin, he was faced with the great challenge of revitalizing the Russian economy and reducing the Russian army. After eight years in office, President Putin, known as the strongman of Russia, showed his strong ruling style with all his strength and boldly reformed the economy, so that the Russian economy gradually stepped out of the trough and its international status rose day by day.

　　At the same time, he also attached great importance to Russia’s national defense construction, especially the military reform, advocated reducing the redundant establishment of various powerful departments, and put forward the idea that the quality of army building and army building should be adapted to the country’s economic capacity, and the military strength of the Ministry of National Defense and other powerful departments should be developed in a balanced way. In fact, during his presidency, Putin put forward the goal of reducing Russian troops from 1.2 million to 1 million. However, due to various reasons, the goal of army reduction was finally not achieved.

　　After taking office as president, Medvedev continued the "Putin line", still defended Russia’s national interests as strongly as Putin, took building a stronger Russia as his own responsibility, and appeared in front of the world in a tougher posture, "inheriting" Putin’s thoughts on issues involving the fundamental interests of Russia, such as political diplomacy, economic development and national defense construction. For example, in terms of national security strategy, it is still necessary to rely on strong military strength to prevent and contain various threats to Russia, requiring the Russian army to always maintain a high degree of combat readiness and ensure strategic containment of any potential enemy, especially strategic nuclear containment to deal with possible invasion; In national defense construction, we will persist in building a "more efficient and modern" army and "build an army that conforms to the country’s economic strength and can reliably guarantee national security." In particular, it is very important for Russia’s political stability and inheritance to let former President Putin become the prime minister of the government and form a "strong alliance" political situation.

　　Although there have been many new speculations in the western media about the relationship between the "Mapp combination" in the past year, the two men are politically consistent, especially in their understanding of the goal of military reform. Although Putin became prime minister, he still paid attention to the army and supported its reform. Last year, when the Russian army clashed with the Georgian army, Putin personally flew to North Ossetia for inspection. The introduction of the plan to reduce the army to 1 million is not only the continuation of President Medvedev’s "disarmament line" to former President Putin, but also the consensus reached by President Mei and Prime Minister Pu on the future reform and development of the Russian army.

　　One is a strong president and the other is a strong prime minister. This politically highly consistent "strong alliance" and "Mapp combination" will be conducive to the realization of the Russian military reform goal. However, the reform of the Russian army will still face pressure from many sides, even opposition and blame.

　　The contradiction between rebuilding an economic power and building a military power is prominent, and it is difficult to have both fish and bear’s paw at the same time.

　　Since Putin took office as federal president, he has regarded the development of military forces as an important part of Russian national development. With the Russian economy gradually coming out of the trough, the Russian government has gradually increased its investment in national defense, showing a trend of substantial increase year by year. During Putin’s eight years as president, Russia’s military expenditure increased by about 27% every year. In order to carry out the new "realistic containment" military strategy and further demonstrate its military strength, since 2008, Russia has dispatched navies and air forces to all the oceans in the world, as far away as Venezuela, Cuba, Somalia and other regions and sea areas, and even envisaged the establishment of military bases in Yemen, Cuba, Venezuela and Syria, which seems to make people feel that Russia has become an economic and military power that can compete with the United States.

　　However, this is not the case. Russia is still far from the goal of "building an army that conforms to the country’s economic strength and can reliably guarantee national security." Judging from the current situation of the Russian army, although it has been disarmed several times, the army is still plagued by the problem of redundant staff. The Russian army has about 1.2 million regular troops, but the proportion of its officers is as high as 30% (the proportion of officers in the western developed countries is 7.5% ~ 15%). In addition, there are more than 2.1 million paramilitary forces in Russia, which add up to about 3.3 million people. The Russian Ministry of Defence has publicly admitted that over the years, as much as 70% of the Russian military’s military expenditure has been used for salaries. As a result, we can’t squeeze enough money to buy new weapons and equipment, strengthen the development of new weapons and upgrade the existing weapons.

　　It can be seen that although the Russian economy has gone out of the trough, there is still a gap between its strength and status as an economic power, and it is still inadequate to build a world-class army in a short period of time. Only when the country is rich can the army be strengthened. Without the development of the national economy, it is impossible to develop the army building. Only when the army building develops in harmony with the national economic construction is the most reasonable development. Russian military construction will also follow this development path, and it may take longer.

　　US-Russian nuclear disarmament affects Russian military reform plan.

　　After the new US President Barack Obama took office, in order to promise the concept of "pursuing a world without nuclear weapons" put forward during the election campaign, he advocated to start negotiations with Russia as soon as possible to reduce their respective nuclear weapons reserves by 80%, that is, to keep 1,000 nuclear warheads in the United States and Russia. On the one hand, the United States wants to deploy anti-missile systems in eastern Europe, and on the other hand, it wants Russia to reduce its nuclear weapons in large numbers, which has caused strong opposition in Russia:

　　Russian military experts first raised strong opposition to this, warning that Russia’s nuclear weapons will not be able to deal with the US anti-missile system after reduction, and warned that by 2015, the US nuclear forces will be able to destroy all Russian nuclear weapons at one time, and Russia should be prepared for this.

　　In fact, there are still substantive differences of position between Russia and the United States on some principled issues of signing the new treaty. The Russian side believes that "the number of nuclear warheads in the arsenal should be clearly defined and documented in legal form, which is transparent and clear to people." The United States wants to be limited to nuclear warheads deployed on delivery vehicles, so that the nuclear warheads in stock and strategic delivery vehicles will not be within the scope of the treaty. Russia believes that nuclear disarmament negotiations should not only include the reduction of strategic nuclear weapons, but also extend to all aspects of this issue, such as the deployment of missile defense systems by the United States in Eastern Europe.

　　Russia has always been dissatisfied with the deployment of the missile defense system by the United States in Eastern Europe, and NATO has been expanding eastward, even setting up missile early warning systems and anti-missile bases in Poland and other countries, which makes Russia very angry. Russia warned that if the United States insists on deploying a missile defense system in Europe, the planned base will become the target of Russian attack.

　　Under the severe situation of American strategic squeeze and NATO’s eastward expansion, whether Russia’s existing military strength can effectively deal with the surrounding security threats is the most worrying thing for Russia. Only by "retaining a considerable number of nuclear forces" as a deterrent force can Russia ensure the reasonable scale of conventional forces and compete with the United States and NATO, which will directly affect Russia’s reform and development of the military.

　　The military reform plan is ambitious, and it is difficult to push forward the reform.

　　At the end of 2005, the Russian military proposed a new reform plan to reduce the total number of Russian troops from 1.2 million to 1 million. According to the idea, the existing organizational system of services and arms will be abolished, and the corresponding command institutions will be dissolved, replaced by six headquarters, the military region will be abolished, and the functions of the Ministry of National Defense and the General Staff will be divided into two lines according to government decrees and military orders. But a few years later, the slogan of disarmament is still "thunder is loud, little rain". Obviously, the Russian military’s disarmament has encountered great resistance. From the analysis, there are three major difficulties:

　　One is political pressure. The Russian Communist Party recently openly opposed the military reform carried out by Russia, calling it destructive. Serdyukov, the Russian defense minister, was asked to resign. In a recent statement issued by the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party and the Duma Party Group of the party, it was pointed out: "This reform may be the most destructive since Peter the Great founded the Russian army in the 3rd century. If our army moves from the most difficult Great Patriotic War to a strong one, it may lose its ability to defend Russia in general because of serdyukov’s’ reform’ in peacetime. "

　　Some military experts also said that in the face of NATO’s eastward expansion and the pressing policy of the United States to deploy anti-missile systems in Eastern Europe, once Russia is disarmed to 1 million people, it will be difficult to cope with conventional military actions, and the terrorist forces are even more important.

　　In addition, it is still unknown whether the uncertain factors in India-Pakistan border, Israel-Pakistan conflict, Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, Somalia, the DPRK and the ROK can give Russia a "peaceful environment" to make its army calm down and carry out reforms.

　　Second, it comes from economic difficulties. Affected by the world financial crisis, it is also unknown whether the Russian government can guarantee the funds needed to realize the reform goal of "making the army more efficient and modern and making the life of Russian soldiers more comfortable" in the next three to four years.

　　The third is the resistance from senior officers. The war made the Russian army realize the inevitability and urgency of military reform, but the military layoffs also made the officers realize the cruelty and helplessness of giving up their interests. The number of Russian military disarmament this time is not large, but the layoffs are mainly officers. By 2012, the number of Russian military officers will be reduced from 355,000 to 150,000. In particular, the reduction focuses on middle and senior officers, of whom the number of generals has been reduced from the current 1,107 to 877. Some of these officers may retire directly, and some may face the situation of no fixed place, unemployment and long-term inability to find a job. Therefore, it is not difficult to understand the strong resistance from military officers, especially senior officers, to military reform. However, the reform will be inevitable, and where the disarmament plan goes will ultimately depend on whether President Medvedev’s disarmament determination is firm enough.

　　The financial crisis has spread all over the world, and the reform and development of the Russian army will certainly face greater challenges.

　　According to reports, Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin announced that from 2009 to the end of 2011, Russia will spend 4 trillion rubles (about 140 billion US dollars) on the upgrading plan of military weapons and equipment. In 2009, the Russian government will provide 1 trillion rubles to the Ministry of National Defense, which is mainly used to purchase new weapons technology and equipment.

　　According to previous reports, Russian military procurement in 2009 increased by 30% year-on-year, which will set a new record of 1.3 trillion rubles, while in 2010 and 2011, it will increase by 30 billion rubles and 70 billion rubles respectively. It seems that Russia’s plan to develop its army in recent years has been finalized and will soon enter the implementation stage.

　　However, the financial crisis is spreading around the world, which will directly turn into an economic crisis. Russia’s economic growth has begun to slow down. Since last year, Russia’s oil revenue has been greatly reduced, and the government’s fiscal revenue has decreased. The Russian ruble has depreciated by 35% against the US dollar. Last year, Russia’s stock market fell by 70%. There are indications that Russia’s economic situation this year is not optimistic.

　　The financial crisis has greatly affected Russia’s fiscal revenue, which has restricted the realization of Russia’s military budget from the macro-economic level and will definitely affect the realization of Russia’s military development plan. In addition, due to the impact of the international financial crisis, the military departments and military industries of all countries in the world have been severely impacted, lacking funds, laying off employees and turbulent raw material markets. Therefore, Russia’s military production will be seriously affected, which will further affect the realization of the planned development goals of the Russian army. The crisis is still spreading, and it seems that it has not bottomed out. The reform and development of the Russian army will certainly face greater challenges brought about by the financial crisis.

　　In short, the direction of Russian military reform and development is in line with the requirements of the times, and the practice of saving financial resources and improving capabilities through "downsizing" of the military is also in line with Russia’s actual situation. However, due to the global financial crisis, international politics, domestic economic development and social environment, its reform and development will not be smooth sailing.

Editor: Li Yongchao