标签： 爱上海 女生自荐区

Liu Yuan

Lou Yu

Kou Yingjie

Outpatient problems

How to protect the rights and interests of interns?

Outpatient specialist

Researcher of Shaanxi Academy of Social Sciences   Liu Yuan

Associate Professor, Institute of Social Law, China University of Political Science and Law   Lou Yu

Lawyer of Beijing Bank of China Law Firm   Kou Yingjie

Expert opinion

◇ Interns are very replaceable, and it is easy for the unit to use its own advantages to recruit cheap labor, even free labor.

◇ According to the Regulations on the Management of Students’ Internship in Vocational Schools, the internship unit shall not arrange interns in vocational schools to work overtime or practice on legal holidays.

◇ Establish an organization similar to a trade union, which is responsible for receiving the demands of interns and specifically protecting the rights and interests of interns.

Colleges and universities should take the initiative to contact internship units for students and sign internship agreements with internship units; At the same time, in the process of students’ internship, the relevant responsible personnel of the school should follow up and protect them.

◇ For students’ internships in colleges and universities, the relevant departments should issue clear laws and regulations to stipulate the internship standards recognized as labor relations and the supervision obligations of schools. If there is any violation, schools and enterprises will bear joint and several liability.

Information picture

"I go to work at 8: 00 the first night, and I can only get off work at 7: 50 the next morning. I work for nearly 12 hours every day. I am not allowed to rest during my internship, and I am not allowed to ask for leave when I am sick …" Recently, this article published by Guangxi netizen Mo Xiao in Weibo attracted everyone’s attention. As graduation approaches every year, a large number of prospective graduates begin to look for job internships. Practice can be said to be a compulsory course for every college student, which can not only get credits for the "social practice" of the school, but also increase social experience and accumulate experience for future employment. However, in recent years, there have been many disputes about internship. Some people have worked hard for several months, but they can’t get internship wages and subsidies. Some people work overtime all night and can’t rest on holidays …

Does the intern have a labor relationship with his company?

Lou Yu, an associate professor at the Institute of Social Law of China University of Political Science and Law, said that there are three common employment methods between students and employers: the first is work-study program; The second is practice, that is, the work of consolidating the knowledge learned in class and improving the ability through practical training; The third is the job of prospective graduates, that is, the job aimed at employment before graduation. In the third case, students fully perform all the duties of their internship positions, which is also called "on-the-job internship". "Generally speaking, many countries will treat’ internship’ as a labor relationship. In 2010, the communique issued by the Supreme People’s Court also had the same statement. " Lou Yu said that as long as the content of labor conforms to the characteristics of establishing labor relations, it should be recognized as labor relations. "It is not entirely possible to judge whether the two parties have signed a labor contract or paid labor remuneration."

In this regard, Kou Yingjie, a lawyer of Beijing Bank of China Law Firm, believes that in principle, there is no labor relationship between interns and internship units, and it is not subject to the adjustment of labor law and labor contract law. There is a common civil legal relationship between interns and internship units, which is protected and adjusted by civil law and contract law.

Many factors together cause interns to become cheap labor.

The author searched online and found that there were media reports that a well-known factory illegally hired interns to work overtime to assemble mobile phones. Six students said that the school sent a total of 3,000 interns here for "compulsory" internships. They worked for 11 hours every day and were told that they needed to work in this factory for three months before they could graduate. In fact, many college students and vocational college students have been forced to work overtime and work night shifts. What’s more, some vocational schools act as contractors in student internships, using student labor cheaply or even free of charge, which greatly damages students’ rights and interests.

"There are many reasons for this phenomenon." Lou Yu said that interns are highly substitutable, and it is easy for companies to use their advantages to recruit cheap labor, even free labor. Secondly, some schools force students to provide labor as interns on the grounds of graduation in order to seek illegitimate interests from enterprises. In addition, the current laws and regulations do not clearly define the legal nature of internship, which leads to different recognition of the legal nature and standards of internship by local courts and arbitration institutions. These are the reasons that lead to the phenomenon of forced overtime in enterprises.

"China’s labor force is abundant, and employment pressure is a problem that every graduating student will face. From the perspective of enterprises, the value that interns create for enterprises is limited." Kou Yingjie said that many factors have caused interns to be treated as cheap labor. Although this is not what we want to see, it can only be gradually reversed according to the current situation of the job market.

"No enterprise is willing to do business at a loss. Interns generally cannot have the same skills and experience as regular workers, and their appeal to enterprises is limited, and internship is a necessary means to cultivate talents. " How to effectively solve this contradiction? Lou Yu suggested that the state give enterprises preferential tax policies when recruiting interns, especially "on-the-job interns" as laborers.

Kou Yingjie suggested that social guidance and publicity should be strengthened, and the government and schools should work together to change some bad ideas of enterprises on interns. Let interns contribute to the enterprise, but also get basic respect, treatment and protection.

Interns who encounter forced overtime can complain to relevant departments about their rights protection.

"According to the Regulations on the Management of Students’ Internship in Vocational Schools, internship units may not arrange interns to work overtime or practice on legal holidays." Kou Yingjie said that if the internship unit is forced to work overtime, the vocational school can adjust the internship arrangement according to the situation and require the internship unit to bear relevant responsibilities according to the internship agreement.

However, for students in ordinary colleges and universities, there are no clear restrictive provisions in the law at present. As long as interns voluntarily accept it, it is not prohibited by law. At the same time, because the two sides are not labor relations and are not subject to labor laws, enterprises do not have to pay overtime. "If the intern has a clear agreement on overtime and overtime payment in the internship agreement signed with the enterprise, it will be implemented according to the agreement of both parties." Yan Yingjie added.

In Kou Yingjie’s view, interns should not blindly obey such situations. They can report to schools, education departments and labor departments, and call the police if necessary. The most important thing is to protect their own safety and health. However, if the intern is injured during the internship, the internship unit needs to bear the corresponding compensation responsibilities, such as paying medical expenses, treatment expenses, nursing expenses, disability compensation, etc. Therefore, enterprises can take out commercial insurance such as personal accident insurance for interns during their internship to protect the interests of both parties.

Liu Yuan, a researcher at Shaanxi Academy of Social Sciences, said that an organization similar to a trade union can be established to receive the demands of interns and specifically protect the rights and interests of interns. In Lou Yu’s view, if the internship is recognized as a labor relationship, then the unit receiving the intern should abide by all kinds of labor and social security laws and regulations represented by labor law, labor contract law and social insurance law, and treat the interns’ vacation and overtime rights according to ordinary workers.

Protecting interns’ rights and interests requires joint efforts of many parties.

"It is the school’s obligation to arrange student internships." Kou Yingjie suggested that colleges and universities should take the initiative to contact internship units for students, and sign internship agreements with internship units, so as to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of students from the perspectives of safeguarding their vital interests and effectively achieving the internship effect. At the same time, during the internship process, the relevant responsible personnel of the school should follow up and protect them. If the school is irresponsible and causes students to get hurt during the internship, it is an unfulfilled obligation of management and protection, and the school needs to bear the supplementary liability for compensation.

Lou Yu suggested that the relevant departments should issue clear laws and regulations on the internship standards recognized as labor relations and the supervision obligations of the school. If any violation of the above standards or supervision obligations causes damage to the interns, the school and the enterprise shall bear joint liability.

　　Practice of Community Canteen in Chengdu

　　Operating status:

　　There are about 500 existing community canteens.

　　Most street offices or communities provide places, reduce rents, and then introduce market entities to operate.

　　Meal fee standard: 10 ~ 20 yuan.

　　Explore the case:

　　■ Chain community canteens (8 stores have been opened and 3 stores are under construction);

　　The canteen is only a service point of the company, and it is more to provide various services to residents, such as laundry, escort, setting up universities for the elderly, community activities and so on.

　　■ Longevity canteen:

　　Serve 20,000 to 30,000 people, invite enterprises to open product fairs in the canteen, etc., and make the community canteen a link between enterprises and users.

　　Recently, the semi-monthly report on the difficulties in the continuous operation of community canteens has sparked heated discussions. The report pointed out that community canteens are currently facing many problems, such as high operating pressure, difficult to adjust, and residents are worried about food safety. At the same time, it was mentioned that the existing community canteens were suspended due to the inability to recover costs. Under the heated discussion, the remark that "the closing tide of community canteens is coming" is frequently mentioned.

　　What is the management status of community canteens in Chengdu? Are you facing the above problems and what measures have you taken? Chengdu Business Daily-Red Star journalists visited and investigated a number of community canteens and related departments and learned that there are about 500 existing community canteens in Chengdu, mainly in the central city. The establishment of community canteens is mostly provided by street offices or communities, and the rent is reduced or exempted, and then the market entities are introduced to operate. At present, the operation is also under certain pressure.

　　"The key to doing a good job in community canteens is to realize that they are part of community grass-roots governance and cannot be simply an old people’s canteen. Community canteens are a carrier for urban and rural community development and governance to enrich residents’ life service system." Zhang Haibo, secretary general of Chengdu Urban and Rural Community Development Governance Promotion Association, said.

　　survey

　　Under heated discussion

　　The continuous operation of community canteens is troubled.

　　Recently, the semi-monthly talk released a report entitled "Community Canteen: Continuous Operation is Troubled". The report pointed out that the community canteens, which were popular all over the network since November last year, have now encountered operational difficulties, mainly as follows: the site cost has caused great pressure on the operation of community canteens; It is difficult to adjust and weigh; Some residents are worried about food safety.

　　In October 2022, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Ministry of Civil Affairs jointly issued the Notice on Carrying out the Pilot Work of Complete Community Construction (hereinafter referred to as the Notice). The notice mentioned that starting from October 2022, the pilot community will be equipped with convenient commercial service facilities such as canteens and domestic service outlets. Subsequently, a number of community canteens were opened nationwide, and the video of the opening of a community canteen in Fengqing, Yunnan Province was also posted on the hot search.

　　At the same time, the sound of "the closing tide of the first batch of community canteens is coming" has caused widespread discussion. "Community canteens violate the laws of the market", "The price of dishes is low but the cost is too high" and "It doesn’t conform to the modern catering trend" … … Numerous statements have also been repeatedly mentioned.

　　Under the heated discussion, does the operation of community canteens in Chengdu also face the above problems? Recently, a reporter from Chengdu Business Daily-Red Star visited many community canteens in Chengdu.

　　A number of interviewees said that several community canteens in Chengdu had operated before the above notice. According to public reports, with the increasing aging, the elderly who live alone, live in empty nests, have difficulty in moving or living, and the elderly whose children have no time to take care of them, the demand for community-based care services is also increasing, and the problem of eating for the elderly has attracted attention. In the past five or six years, community canteens have been introduced in many areas of Chengdu, and most of them are opened by street offices or communities to provide places, reduce rents and introduce market players to operate.

　　Yuan Xiaoran, secretary general of Chengdu Catering Trade Association, said that according to incomplete statistics, there were more than 800 community canteens in Chengdu during the peak period. "Affected by many factors such as the epidemic situation and poor management, there are still about 500 companies operating." Yuan Xiaoran introduced that these canteens are mainly in the central city, and some operations also have some pressure.

　　According to the reporter’s visit, at present, the charging standard of community canteens in Chengdu is generally 10 ~ 20 yuan, but the passenger flow is different.

　　The meal price in the community canteen of Laoma Road in Wuhou District is calculated on the basis of a single dish, with one meat in 8 yuan and one vegetable in 4 yuan, and various kinds of stir-fry are also provided. Ms. Liao, the person in charge, said that at present, about 200 people can eat here at noon, and during the free time of the canteen, they will also host banquets and various community activities.

　　Chenghua district Hemei Community Help-the-Aged Restaurant is a community canteen established in 2019. Chen Feng, the person in charge, told the reporter that the restaurant is about 320 square meters, with an average daily meal of about 500 people (including breakfast, lunch and evening), among which elderly users account for the majority. In terms of meal fee standard, elderly people aged 60 and above charge 12 yuan for each meal, while ordinary people charge 20 yuan for each meal, which can provide three meals in the morning, noon and evening. "Our restaurant is a buffet, with 10 staff members. In order to meet the taste needs of more people, about 20 dishes are usually prepared for dinner, and the cost is really not low." Chen Feng said that although it seems that 500 people eat every day, if the preferential subsidies are set aside, the income from selling meals alone is not enough to meet the normal operating costs of the restaurant.

　　explore the way

　　Open source and reduce expenditure, increase service content

　　Establish word of mouth and expand consumption scenarios

　　Under the background of "closing the door", one company in Chengdu has opened eight community canteens, and three more are under construction. This company is called Chengdu Yichenghe Home Service Co., Ltd., and its person in charge, Wang Yunjing, told reporters that since its establishment in 2019, the company has successively opened eight community canteens in Wuhou District and Qingyang District, and currently there are three more under construction in Shuangliu District and jinniu district.

　　"Our company is a branded and chained community canteen, managed by socialized catering, so our profitability and self ‘ Hematopoiety ’ Strong ability. " Wang Yunjing said, "Because our company operates more community canteens, we have also built our own upstream food factories and cold chain distribution channels, which will help us reduce the cost of upstream ingredients."

　　It is understood that since the opening of the first community canteen in May 2020, so far, the company has served more than 100,000 people, about 40% of whom are elderly people. The charge standard of the canteen is 15 yuan/person for the elderly and 20 yuan/person for the ordinary adults, and each meal contains two meats, one vegetarian and one soup. "Our canteen can only make a small profit at present, and the purpose of our canteen is to obtain the flow of people." Wang Yunjing introduced.

　　The community canteen is only a small part of the company’s community service. In addition, it will provide door-to-door services such as foot cleaning and foot bath. After community residents get to know the company through the canteen, they will be more likely to contact them once they need it. Wang Yunjing said: "The canteen is only a point of the company’s service, and it is more to provide residents with various services, such as laundry, escort, opening old-age universities, community activities, etc. Residents can place orders through the mobile APP at home."

　　Of course, in the early stage of the canteen, it is inseparable from various preferential subsidies from the government. "But if you want to do a good job in community canteens, you can’t always rely on subsidies," said Wang Yunjing. "Instead, you should develop new service projects, broaden your own profit channels, and at the same time, reduce costs by scale effect, open sources and reduce expenditure, so that canteens can develop in the long run."

　　Longevity canteen located in Wende Road, chenghua district is slightly different from the former. According to Liao Ziyuan, the person in charge of the canteen, it has operated four community canteens, and its business philosophy is to make the community canteens a link between enterprises and users.

　　Where is this "bond" relationship reflected? Liao Ziyuan showed reporters the common materials such as rice, cooking oil and condiments in the canteen. According to him, most of these ingredients are given by enterprises. In return, enterprises are often invited to open product fairs in the canteen. Through cooperation with enterprises, enterprises and residents are provided with consumption places other than meals, and the canteen can also get corresponding income from them.

　　Changshou canteen is located in Wende community, surrounded by 6-storey old residential buildings. At present, there are about 30 people dining in this 100-square-meter canteen, and each person aged 60 and above is 12 yuan. "Although there are not many people eating every day, there are 20,000 to 30,000 people I serve, not only in our community, but also in some surrounding communities." Liao Ziyuan said that although the canteen itself is not profitable, the overall comprehensive revenue is not bad through various operating means, plus venue rent and government subsidies for the elderly.

　　state

　　Community canteen is not equal to the dining hall for the elderly.

　　The setting of dishes should be diversified

　　The space attribute of canteen should also be diversified.

　　What are the difficulties in the management of community canteens, and how to do it? Zhang Jiao, secretary-general of Chengdu Food Culture Exchange and Innovation Center, said that community canteens are semi-public and semi-commercial, which makes it difficult to compete with the ordinary catering industry due to congenital reasons, and rely on the support of the government to a certain extent, but in actual operation, the government cannot intervene too much.

　　"In the past, the main customers of community canteens were old people, so in terms of dish setting, they preferred the taste of light oil and less salt that the elderly liked. But now some community canteens have begun to transform in order to increase their income. While serving the elderly, they have also launched many dishes that meet the tastes of young people. " Zhang Jiao suggested that diversified people can be considered in the dishes, and the price can also be different from that of the elderly.

　　Yuan Xiaoran, secretary-general of Chengdu Catering Trade Association, said that at present, community canteens are generally faced with problems such as high rent pressure, single dishes, and difficult to find intimate waiters. There are also many competitors such as specialty restaurants and couples shops that also pursue cost performance. In addition, the limited number of community canteens, compared with other tens of thousands of catering operators, accounts for too small a market share, making it difficult to form a scale, so it is difficult to lower the cost of related ingredients.

　　"To find a breakthrough in such a dilemma, we must see the advantages of community canteens, whose social functions and public welfare are incomparable to ordinary restaurants." Yuan Xiaoran believes that relatively speaking, users of community canteens are more sticky. For example, during non-business hours, some elderly people can often be seen gathering in the canteen to have tea and chat, and these leisure times can also introduce consumption items other than meals. If you want to operate community canteens for a long time, you can’t rely solely on government subsidies and policy support, but you should play its role as a market mechanism and complete self-hematopoiesis.

　　In fact, the community canteen in Chengdu is a part of grass-roots governance, and it is a convenient service complex. When eating, it is a place for the surrounding residents to eat. In normal times, it is a venue for surrounding residents to carry out various activities. "Most of the well-done community canteens in Chengdu are aware of this. In the construction of canteens, they adopt a more lively decoration method to attract residents to carry out various activities in the canteen in their spare time to increase the stickiness between the canteen and the residents." Zhang Haibo, secretary-general of Chengdu Urban and Rural Community Development and Governance Promotion Association, said, "In addition, Chengdu community canteens are not the same, but they are different in operation according to the characteristics of the community."

　　"In some places, the understanding of community canteens may be biased. If it is simply understood as an elderly canteen, it will inevitably encounter problems in the business process." Zhang Haibo said that in addition to the elderly, more young people are also the service targets of community canteens, and the needs of various groups should be taken into account in the operation process; At the same time, we should not blindly pursue low prices, but should set reasonable prices according to the actual situation.

　　Zhang Haibo said that in order to achieve long-term development, community canteens generally need to start from three aspects: first, we must establish land use norms for community canteens and make full use of idle resources in the community; Secondly, establish the operating standards of community canteens to ensure the quality of community canteens; Finally, supervision should be strengthened so that the problems reflected by the masses can be solved in time.

　　Chengdu Business Daily-Red Star Journalist Du Yuquan Yan Xiaofeng

2018 marks the 60th anniversary of the National People’s Congress’s approval and promulgation of the Chinese Pinyin Scheme. In fact, it has been more than 400 years since Latin alphabet was used to phonetic Chinese characters.

Before the birth of hanyu pinyin, in order to promote the communication between the East and the West, Chinese character reformers have conducted in-depth research and formulated many influential Latin schemes for Chinese characters in order to popularize education and reduce illiteracy rate. These phonetic schemes also have a great influence on the phonetic schemes of modern Chinese (Putonghua).

Topic of this issue:Xu Chunwei is a private history columnist in The Paper and a columnist in Netease history.

Member of Literature and History Committee of zhenhai district CPPCC in Ningbo, member of Ningbo Local Records Society. The academic representative of the 8th and 9th International Symposium on Wu Dialect submitted a research paper on Ningbo Dialect with phonetic notation and Wittoma Pinyin, and was the first person to deduce the dialect phonology of Huaying Dictionary in Wu dialect circle.

If you are interested in the history of Chinese Pinyin (Latin Chinese characters) and the history of Chinese Pinyin literature, please click here to participate in the topic interaction.

▍When and who invented Chinese Pinyin?

Auspicious and elegant:Hello! When did Chinese Pinyin come into being? Who invented it?

Xu Chunwei:Chinese Pinyin in a broad sense dates back to the end of Ming Dynasty.

In 1605, Italian Matteo Ricci used Latin characters to annotate Chinese characters in his book, The Miracle of Western Characters.

In 1625, Jinnige, who was then Belgium, improved the pinyin scheme on his basis and wrote "Western Confucianism’s Eyes and Eyes". Their pinyin scheme is called "Li-Jin" scheme. However, this plan has basically no impact on future generations. The first semi-official scheme in China and the first standard transliteration of Chinese characters in the world is "Weituo Code-Zhai Lisi Style".

In 1867, the English sinologist Wiltoma’s Chinese textbook "Language Self-Collection" was born. The established symbol is Zhai Lisi’s first edition of Hua Ying Dictionary in 1892.

In the spring of 1906, a joint conference of imperial posts and telecommunications was held in Shanghai, and it was decided to take the spelling of Huaying Dictionary as the spelling basis of China place names standard. Just to meet the needs of telegraphy, it does not use any additional symbols (such as aspirated symbols, etc.). It is called "postal" pinyin, which is a variant of Wei pinyin.

In 1913, the Beiyang government held a pronunciation unification meeting, at which Ma Yuzao proposed to use the unique Chinese characters of his teacher Zhang Taiyan as a spelling tool. In 1918, the Ministry of Education revised and published it on the basis of Zhang Taiyan, which was the first official phonetic notation in China. The first Latin scheme designed by ourselves in China was the Romanization of Mandarin issued by Liu Fu, Qian Xuantong, li jinxi, Zhao Yuanren, Lin Yutang and Wang Yi in 1928 through the Ministry of Education.

In addition, in the late 1920s, the Chinese people began to form a movement of Latinized New Characters, with Qu Qiubai, Fang Shan, Ni Haishu and others as the main figures. Qu Qiubai’s Latinized New Characters of Northern Dialect laid the foundation for modern Chinese Pinyin, and they are highly consistent.

Chinese Pinyin in a narrow sense is the Pinyin in 1958.

It was decided by Chairman Mao and worked out collectively by hundreds of people headed by Wu Yuzhang. But there are also several key technical figures. From April 1956 to October 1957, 10 meetings were held to discuss and revise the Chinese Pinyin Scheme (Draft). There are three revised drafts: the first revised draft proposed by Wang Li, Lu Zhiwei and li jinxi, and several personal revised drafts proposed by Ding Xilin, Lin Handa, Wei Yun and li jinxi, among which Lin Handa’s draft is the second revised draft. It can be said that Chinese Pinyin is a cultural achievement formed in hundreds of years. Modern Chinese Pinyin is the collective achievement of the above-mentioned people.

Sanmao’s long skirt: Why are there symbols like Japanese in the dictionary, and do those characters still have practical significance now?

Xu Chunwei: This is the phonetic serial number invented by Zhang Taiyan, and he was inspired by Japanese pseudonyms. Phonetic symbols are also part of Chinese characters, which are homologous to pseudonyms and are essentially semi-syllabic characters.

In 1913, the Ministry of Education of Beiyang government held a "pronunciation unification meeting". Ma Yuzao, the son of Zhangmen, proposed to use his teacher’s unique Chinese characters as phonetic symbols. Due to the large number of children of Zhangmen, the proposal was passed. In 1918, the Ministry of Education officially announced that it was named "Zhuyin Letter". In 1930, Wu Zhihui proposed to change its name to "Zhuyin Symbol". In 1958, when determining the scheme of modern Chinese Pinyin, there was a debate in China about whether the national alphabet (phonetic symbols) is better or the Latin alphabet (Chinese Pinyin). The conclusion is that the latter is convenient for international communication. Now only a few reference books, such as dictionaries, can see phonetic symbols.

Superman of the florist:I remember when I was a child, I learned "Ah, guess what, alas, my husband should …" But I don’t know what it is. None of my classmates have heard it now. Is it because of my dialect (northerner), or is there a mistake in my memory?

Xu Chunwei:Hello, now read the sound generally. What you have learned is the name sound. The pronunciation of vowels is the local sound. The name sound refers to the address of Chinese phonetic alphabet. The alphabetical reading in "Chinese Pinyin Scheme" is to read with the name sound. Chinese phonetic alphabet is not only used for pinyin of syllables’ initials and finals, but also has the functions of sorting and searching. If the letters have no names, it is inconvenient to call them. There are 26 letters in the alphabet of Hanyu Pinyin Scheme, and each letter has a name sound. The determination of the sound value of the name sound stipulates that the name sound of a vowel letter is served by its local sound, and if a vowel letter has several local sounds, the main pronunciation is used as the name sound; The name sound of consonant letters is composed of vowels before or after the local sound (y w is a sound-proof letter, and there is no local sound, so the name sound is set separately). Specifically, whether to add before or after, what vowels to add, and how many vowels to add, we should follow international habits and consider the difference of names. According to the list of Chinese phonetic alphabets, the name sounds of the 26 Chinese phonetic alphabets in "Chinese phonetic scheme" are: a b ê c ê d ê e ê f g ê ha i ji; e kê êl êm nê o pê qiu ar ês tê u vê wa xi ya zê。

WLM：Shanxi and Shaanxi, how to distinguish with pinyin?

Xu Chunwei:Generally, it is solved by tone-marking, shǎnxī Shā nx: and Shaanxi Sh: nx:. However, there is generally no tone on local famous brands or in foreign language books. Therefore, shaanxi is now spelled Shaanxi when it is used as a place name. This treatment is not unreasonable, but an old pinyin scheme "Mandarin Roman characters" is used. Mandarin Roman characters express tones by adding or changing letters, and an rhyme is flat an, flat arn, rising aan and falling ann. Regarding the Romance of Mandarin, we can read the article "Romance of Mandarin, the Failed Attempt of the Elite to Rebuild Civilization" in "The Paper Private History".

Bouquet with Jun:What Pinyin schemes in previous Pinyin documents have been referenced in the formulation of Chinese Pinyin schemes?

Xu Chunwei:The tone of Chinese Pinyin comes from the phonetic symbols set by the pronunciation unification meeting. The initial consonant and the final vowel are partly derived from the Romance, the national language of Guoluo School in the south of the Yangtze River, and the Latin new characters of Qu Qiubai’s northern dialect. The Latinized New Characters of Northern Dialect are the closest to Chinese Pinyin.

Liang Liang:Hello, can you recommend books on this subject? I’m interested!

Xu Chunwei:The history of Chinese Pinyin since the 20th century can be seen in Hundred Years of Chinese by Japanese scholars Ishikawa Kan and Komatsu Lan, published by Shanghai Education Press. Personally, I think it is a more detailed history of Chinese Pinyin and Chinese Standard Phonetic. Before the 20th century, you can see the life stories of Matteo Ricci, Jinnige, Ding Weiliang, wade and Zhai Lisi. You can also look at the works of the parties involved in Chinese Pinyin, such as li jinxi and Zhao Yuanren of Guoluo School, Qu Qiubai, Fang Shan, Ye Laishi and others who Latin new characters.

A New Latin Writing Scheme for Northern Dialect

▍Are Pinyin still used in other Chinese-speaking areas?

Peng you:Is our Chinese Pinyin more mature than that used in other areas? For example, Taiwan Province’s Pinyin "Zheng" and "cheng" both use Cheng, but they read the same as Mandarin, but the Chinese Pinyin "zh" can be accurately distinguished.

Xu Chunwei:What you mentioned is not Taiwan Province Pinyin, but postal Pinyin, a variant of Weituo Code-Zhai Lisi Pinyin. Wei tuo code pinyin is divided into cheng and ch’eng. In the spring of 1906, a joint conference of imperial posts and telecommunications was held in Shanghai. The meeting decided to unify and standardize the Latin alphabet spelling of place names in China, and decided to basically take the Latin alphabet spelling in the first edition of Huaying Dictionary compiled by Zhai Lisi as the basis. Just to meet the needs of telegraphy, the meeting decided not to use any additional symbols (such as aspirated symbols, etc.), which is called postal pinyin and a variant of Wei pinyin. Zhao Yuanren complained that postal pinyin led to the separation of Changzhou and Zhangzhou, both of which were Changchow. Wei Tuoma Pinyin (postal Pinyin) was the international standard for Latin transliteration of Chinese characters in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. The Roman characters, the national language of Nanjing government, have been unable to compete and almost disappeared. In addition to Wittig Pinyin, there are also Chinese romanization, universal Pinyin and Chinese Pinyin in mainland China in Taiwan Province. Except for the Universal Pinyin, which was made by Taiwan Province authorities, the rest were not designed by Taiwan Province.

Students are interested in learning pinyin.

▍Do dialects still have meaning?

qquser：Why not use the letter "V" in Chinese Pinyin?

Xu Chunwei:The phonetic symbol has a V, and the symbol is "ten thousand". Because the old national voice is an artificial language that gathers the north and the south, phonetic symbols attach great importance to "leap sound", that is, dialect sound.

The "Wu" in its initials means "ng", "Guang" means "gn", and "Wan" means "V" is taken from the southern dialect to spell "leap". It also has a voiced mark. However, after the dispute between Beijing and China, Beijing sound was adopted as the national sound. Since there are no initials in Beijing dialect, these symbols are useless and have been cancelled. Now there are V initials in the phonetic symbols in Xinhua Dictionary. Specifically, we can see the article "Romance in Mandarin, the failed attempt of elite to rebuild civilization" in The Paper’s private history.

But the Chinese flowering crabapple still:Hello, teacher! I would like to ask, what is the advantage of phonetic notation with Latin letters over other phonetic notation methods?

Xu Chunwei:First of all, the cost is low, and only 26 letters are used to express all syllable combinations (actually, Chinese pinyin has not used V). The second is to facilitate international exchanges. In 1958, when determining the scheme of modern Chinese Pinyin, there was a debate in China about whether the national alphabet (phonetic symbols) is better or the Latin alphabet (Chinese Pinyin). The conclusion is that the latter is convenient for international communication. Now only a few reference books, such as dictionaries, can see phonetic symbols. After the abolition of Chinese characters on the Korean peninsula, proverbs were used instead. Proverbs are actually pinyin characters, so they should be translated into Latin letters for foreign communication.

dalen6：What influence does the popularity of Putonghua have on dialects, and how to protect our dialects?

Xu Chunwei:Because there is no standard for dialects, many dialect words will be mispronounced by Putonghua. For example, the "WeChat" in Ningbo dialect where the subject is located should be vixin, and now many people pronounce it ueixin. Therefore, dialects also need education and standards. As far as I know, some primary schools in Ningbo and Shanghai already have local dialect courses.

▍Is it possible to abolish Chinese characters and replace them with Pinyin?

Bear:The reverse phonetic notation in Kangxi Dictionary didn’t have Chinese Pinyin at that time, so how to get the pronunciation of the upper word and rhyme of the lower word?

Xu Chunwei:That is the anti-tangent of the middle ancient sound. However, many dialects cannot be spelled with anti-tangent because of the relationship between ancient and modern sound changes. For example, you can’t cut out Mandarin (Beijing dialect) and Cantonese. In addition, there is still the problem that Chinese characters must be learned to learn anti-tangent, and the education cost is too high. Pinyin does not have this problem.

Zhang Yuyao:Hello, teacher, what harm will it do if pinyin is used instead of words?

Xu Chunwei:There are so many homophones in modern Chinese (Putonghua) that we can imagine the consequences of abolishing Chinese characters according to the present situation of the Korean Peninsula. Take the sudo syllable in Korean as an example, the corresponding words are "granting ferry", "rice" and "monasticism", etc. They don’t know what it means without corresponding context. South Korea later discovered the disadvantages of pinyin and had to add Chinese characters to its ID card, otherwise the rate of duplicate names would be extremely high. Mandarin has the same problem, especially when it comes to homophones with "all" and "none" but completely opposite meanings, it will increase the possibility of misunderstanding and communication costs without using Chinese characters to express their meanings.

Peng you:Since modern times, people have been proposing to abolish Chinese characters and replace them with pinyin. What do you think?

Xu Chunwei:There are so many homophones in modern Chinese (Putonghua) that we can refer to the present situation of the Korean Peninsula after abolishing Chinese characters. In particular, when encountering homophones such as "all" and "none", the possibility of misunderstanding and communication cost will increase without using Chinese characters to express meaning. South Korea later discovered the disadvantages of pinyin and had to add Chinese characters to its ID card, otherwise the rate of duplicate names would be extremely high. By the way, the real name of Lin Run Yun, a famous Korean artist in her girlhood, is written like this; Because people who didn’t understand the original translation didn’t understand the pronunciation of Korean characters, they mistakenly wrote Lim Yoon A.

Guang Zhouta’s English name Canton Tower follows the traditional spelling.

Only its meaning is exhausted:Hello, teacher. Can you pronounce the vowels ui and iu as uei and iou? Then why write it as ui and iu?

Xu Chunwei:Simple is for the sake of simple treatment, but this treatment is not without basis. Uei, iou, and another uen, the vowel in the middle will be weakened.

imshunshun：Hello, teacher! I have three questions. First, since Pinyin came into being in the late Ming Dynasty, why is Mr. Zhou Youguang known as the father of Chinese Pinyin? Secondly, some people think that the current pinyin is anti-Chinese, because pinyin uses letters and Chinese characters are hieroglyphics. What do you think of this? Third, how to correctly evaluate the pinyin system we use now? thank you

Xu Chunwei:The first problem is caused by some media. You can read my previous answer, the names of the main designers and participants of Chinese Pinyin. The second question is, in fact, there have been national alphabet forms in China, that is, phonetic symbols changed from Chinese radicals. Invented by Zhang Taiyan, the Ministry of Education of Beiyang government improved the publication on his basis. However, in 1958, when we established Chinese Pinyin, we thought that Latin alphabet was convenient for international communication, so we used Latin alphabet. The third question, personally, is really not easy to use. There is no phonetic notation in Beijing dialect, while English, French and other western languages and Japanese are voiced. Using voiced symbols B, D and G to represent unvoiced sounds [P] [T] [K] will easily lead to mispronunciations by westerners, and it will also make people in China mispronounce foreign languages. The reason why Chinese Pinyin is handled this way is that Pinyin is for the convenience of learning, not for foreigners.

On August 19, Weibo blogger @digital chat station shared a real demonstration video of the new version of "Xiao Ai Classmate" voice assistant built into Xiaomi’s mobile phone last night. IT Home previously reported that,The new version of Xiao Ai with a built-in large model has opened the invitation test from August 14th. The first batch includes Xiaomi MIX Fold 3,/12 series, Redmi K60/K50 series models…

Let’s watch the video together.

@Digital chat station, asked the new version of Xiao Ai students four questions,Several use cases based on large language models are demonstrated as followsWhat is it?

Video content is visible,Among the first two functions, the new version of Xiao Ai is relatively stable and can output corresponding effective content…When asked to "predict the configuration of Xiaomi Mi 14", Xiao Ai directly jumped to the search page of the browserAs for "who is smarter", Xiao Ai replied, "Each has its own intelligence, which can complement each other."

Under the comment area of this Weibo, many users who participated in the invitation test also posted screenshots of their demos.

If @technology changes the core, when asking Xiao Ai OnePlus Ace 2 Pro and Xiaomi Redmi K60 Supreme Edition two new machines "who is better",Xiao Ai gave a reply that each of the two models had a focus, but @Digital Chat Station replied, "The data of the new machine sent last week is too new, you can ask the old model."…

Another Weibo user @kodakds asked his Xiao Ai classmate to write a "Xiaomi Song",Xiao Ai has generated a lyrics including rap and chorus as shown belowWhat is it?

1905 movie network news Directed by Stephen Chow, the film starring Wang Baoqiang and E Jingwen has been set for the first day of the new year, and the pre-sale has now been fully opened. What influenced countless people 20 years ago, 20 years later, it debuted with a new attitude. What remains unchanged is the story that still focuses on "little people". On the first day of the new year in 2019, I laughed out tears with "The King of New Comedy"!

At present, the "King of Comedy, A New Beginning" theme roadshow is in full swing, and Zhou Xingchi and a group of starring stars rushed to all over the country to meet the audience. On January 26, Zhou Xingchi and his starring stars, E Jingwen, Jing Ruyang, Huang Xiaopeng, and Xiao He, came to Badu Hefei to meet the audience, share the original intention of the creation of "King of Comedy", and talk about their respective understanding of "actor’s self-cultivation". Five people interacted with the audience enthusiastically on the spot, and they were pleasantly surprised to send red envelopes! Sending Chinese New Year happiness to the Hefei audience in advance!

The protagonist of the new film "Female version of Yin Tianchou" Xing Ye said that "women are stronger"

The "King of New Comedy" roadshow came to the outdoor square in Hefei, attracting thousands of spectators. When Zhou Xingchi and the creators appeared, the square was filled with cheers. Xing Ye humorously introduced himself, "I am Dragon Set Zhou Xingchi, this is my Dragon Set Team! The weather is very cold today, everyone has worked hard!" It attracted a lot of laughter and made everyone feel warm in the cold.

As a classic comedy that has influenced countless people, "The King of Comedy" has ushered in a new chapter after 20 years. The script has been polished for three years, focusing on the little people again, and this classic prop folding stool has also "reappeared in the rivers and lakes", surprising the audience: "It’s still a familiar taste! I love Zhou Xingxing all my life!" The new year of 2019 is another year accompanied by Xingye!

When talking about why the film featured a woman as the protagonist, Xing Ye did not hesitate to express his admiration for women, "Because I often feel that women are stronger, so I really want to make a work for women." The heroine, E Jingwen, also said, "Xing Ye was a struggling man before, but in fact, women are also working hard to create the future they want." When talking about the understanding of "actors’ self-cultivation," the star Jing Ruyang said, "It is to pursue the ultimate and achieve perfection."

　

Star Lord’s Message 2019 "Not second and third, you are first!"

Stephen Chow has always focused on telling the story of the little people. The spirit of "The King of New Comedy" is actually to reflect the little people who live seriously and pursue hard. In them, the audience can see authenticity, confidence, seriousness, and even seriousness. They are full of enthusiasm for their work and will not give up no matter how difficult they encounter.

At the Hefei roadshow, Zhou Xingchi said, "In fact, everyone can be the protagonist of their own life. Don’t be afraid of failure, hardship or all kinds of resistance, and work hard with enthusiasm, just like the’wind ‘." And led the audience to shout "Work hard! Fight!" to encourage everyone to stick to their dreams and be the "king of comedy" in their own life.

In addition to chatting with everyone about the original intention of "The King of New Comedy", Xingye and the creators also brought several rounds of red envelope benefits to the audience. At the scene, Xingye commanded the rocker arm to swing left and right, and randomly stopped, locking an audience. Xingye and the creators chose any word in "New" "Happy" "Drama" "King" for the audience, and revealed the amount of red envelopes. The live interaction was very enjoyable, completely igniting the atmosphere. The maximum amount of red envelopes was issued by Xingye himself, which can be described as a koi carp! Xingye and the creators also cheered for everyone in the New Year. "I hope everyone will continue to work hard and strive in the new year. You are not second or third, you are first!"

　

The most familiar Stephen Chow-style comedy is to make you "laugh and cry". At present, the pre-sale of "New King of Comedy" has been fully opened, hurry up and grab tickets! On the first day of the new year in 2019, with "New King of Comedy", laugh out tears and work hard!

Beijing west railway station area south square network about car connection area.

　　The first peak passenger flow day of the Spring Festival in 2024 is expected to occur on February 7. In order to allow passengers to walk smoothly, walk well, and connect smoothly, the Municipal Key Station District Management Committee, together with the Municipal Transportation Commission, the Municipal Public Security Bureau, the Municipal Public Security Traffic Management Bureau, the regional government, and the State Railway, Civil Aviation and other departments, strengthen the consultation and judgment, and "one stop, one policy" to ensure the continuity of transportation capacity, transportation organization, and service guidance.

　　Among them, from 0:00 on February 6 to 24:00 on February 8, and from 0:00 on February 15 to 24:00 on February 18, 20 parking lots in the seven railway stations in Beijing can be parked for 30 minutes for free. At present, there are 14 online car-hailing pick-up areas and supporting passenger waiting areas in the seven railway stations.

　　Adjust trains to achieve connectivity between stations

　　Since the Spring Festival travel, the municipal key station district management committee has paid close attention to the weather changes in the city and along the railway line and surrounding provinces, and comprehensively strengthened coordination and linkage to deal with the delayed outage caused by extreme weather. Set up a front-line joint headquarters in "seven stations and two stations" to carry out on-site research and judgment and work scheduling to deal with emergencies. Coordinate the municipal communications administration and the three major communication operators in advance, and station 17 emergency communication vehicles in each station area to ensure smooth communication. Coordinate the International Committee of the Red Cross, strengthen the duty of the 999 train group, and respond to emergencies in a timely manner. Coordinate with the public security department to strengthen the investigation of special projects for hidden dangers of social contradictions in the station area, and integrate the strength of public security, urban management, fire protection, and territorial personnel into the network and sink to the front line, and make every effort to maintain social order.

　　At the same time, strengthen the linkage and docking with the national railway department, take measures such as multi-stop and inter-station passenger flow balance, add 3 pairs of trains at Beijing Railway Station and Fengtai Station, and adjust 8 pairs of departure trains such as Beijing Railway Station, Beijing West Railway Station, Chaoyang Railway Station, and Fengtai Railway Station to achieve inter-station connectivity. Add 5 intra-Beijing stops in Huairou South, Miyun, Miyunnan, Shunyi, and Shunyi West, and 7 stops around Beijing in Zhuozhou, Zhuozhou North, Langfang, Gu’an, Guangyang, Yanjiao, and Gaobeidian East. A total of 17 stops have been added to relieve the pressure of "seven stations" and facilitate passengers to transfer nearby.

　　Subway starts delayed bus encryption

　　On peak passenger flow days, the city will take transportation capacity protection measures such as subway delay, bus encryption, rental guarantee points, network incentives, and free ferry backstops, and make every effort to ensure large passenger flow, especially for passengers arriving in Beijing after 23:00.

　　From February 6th to 8th and February 15th to 18th, according to the passenger flow and train flight operation, the delay measures of Metro No. 2, No. 4, No. 7, No. 14, No. 16 and two airport lines will be started in a timely manner; according to the passenger flow situation, the number of bus trips will be encrypted to strengthen the frequency of subway shuttles at Chaoyang Station at night; the transportation management department will be coordinated to dynamically start taxi point-keeping measures; the docking network will be connected to the car-hailing platform, and the incentive mechanism of the station area will be implemented at the peak of passenger flow to ensure the transportation capacity; 17 free shuttle lines will be deployed at seven railway stations, and they will be started in a timely manner according to the passenger flow situation.

　　There are a total of 14 online car-hailing pick-up areas and supporting passenger waiting areas in the seven major railway station areas, which provide service guarantees for the last 100 meters of the "handshake between people and cars". Outbound passengers can inquire through apps such as Didi Chuxing, Autonavi Map, and Baidu Map. Beijing Railway Station, Beijing West Railway Station, Beijing South Railway Station, and Fengtai Railway Station optimize the services of the online car-hailing waiting area and set up air-conditioned rooms, seats, etc. Among them, Fengtai Station’s online car-hailing area is divided into zones and lanes according to the tail number of passengers’ mobile phones. The car-hailing software directly prompts passengers to wait for the corresponding channel (a total of 6 channels are set) to improve the connection efficiency.

　　Optimize travel for the elderly and simplify the taxi-hailing process

　　The municipal key station district management committee, Beijing static traffic and municipal state-owned enterprises actively fulfill their social responsibilities and provide warm-hearted services for passengers. Combined with the passenger flow situation, during the peak hours of delivery and return, 20 parking lots in the seven major railway station areas will adopt free parking for 30 minutes.

　　The specific time is: 0:00 on February 6 to 24:00 on February 8, and 0:00 on February 15 to 24:00 on February 18.

　　The specific parking lots are: Beijing Railway Station (Huatong) parking lot; Beijing West Railway Station North Square P1, P3, P5 parking lot (underground) and P2, P6 surface parking lot; Beijing South Railway Station East and West underground parking lot; Beijing North Railway Station surface parking lot and West Ring Square underground parking lot; Qinghe Station South underground parking lot and South and North drop-off platform parking lot; Chaoyang Station South Entrance South 3 parking lot, North Entrance North 3 parking lot and South underground parking lot; Fengtai Station South Square P1, P2 surface parking lot, West underground parking lot and East drop-off platform parking lot.

　　The municipal key station district management committee sets up and optimizes the functions of drop-off areas in each station area to improve the efficiency of passenger boarding and landing. The Beijing Railway Station area promotes the renovation of the underground parking lot in the east of the station, and the average daily parking volume is increased by nearly 10 times; the Fengtai Station area expands 249 parking spaces for social vehicles to ease parking difficulties. Promote the "one-click ride-hailing" service, optimize senior-friendly travel, and simplify the taxi-hailing process, integrate various taxi routes such as Didi, Autonavi, and telephone lines, and strengthen staff guidance on the spot to help passengers experience the use.

　　Seven railway stations have set up 25 volunteer service points to realize the seamless connection of the whole chain of in-app and off-app volunteer services. Each station area provides "hand warmers" and heart-warming ginger soup for passengers waiting at night to warm their way home.

　　Open up a broken road around key stations

　　Before the arrival of the Spring Festival, the broken road around the station was opened up, allowing passengers to take less wasted roads. For example, the broken road at the southern end of Chaoyang Station East Road was opened, connecting Chaoyang Station East Road and Yaojiayuan Road, improving the travel environment on the east side of the station. At the same time, adjust the traffic flow around Chaoyang Station, optimize the setting of traffic lights and intersection U-turns, etc., to improve road traffic rate and turnover.

　　The Fengtai Station area opened the Zhengyang Street section of Fengcaohe North Road before the Spring Festival, completed the construction of the main road network of the "two horizontal and two vertical" supporting road network, further promoted the integration of the road network, and unblocked the traffic order around the Fengtai Station area.

　　The Beijing West Railway Station area opened the South Square Guanglian Road severed road on January 31. After opening, it passed through Guanglian Road, the South Square Bus Station of the West Railway Station, and the East Street in front of the station, forming a traffic circulation. Vehicles connected to Guanglian Road do not have to turn around the same way, which greatly improves the traffic connection capacity of the South Square of the West Railway Station. It is expected that the capacity enhancement will exceed 40%. (Sun Hongyang)

Our reporter, Ye Bihua, reports from Guangzhou

   
On April 11, Nongfu Spring, which was pushed to the forefront of the trend by the standard controversy, suddenly launched an attack, directly denouncing the recent series of attacks on Nongfu Spring as being planned behind the scenes by rival China Resources Yibao.

   
"As a state-controlled drinking water company, it is regrettable that it uses public fears about food safety and environmental pollution as a marketing tool to target competitors and expand market share," Nongfu Spring said in a statement on its official Weibo account.

As of this writing, China Resources Yibao has not made any response to this.

   
In the first three quarters of 2012, among the top four sales of drinking water in bottles (cans) in China, Nongfu Spring ranked first in the country with a market share of 35%, leaving behind the second-placed Master Kong by 19 percentage points. But at the same time, a series of negatives such as "Water Source Gate", "Fake Donation Gate" and "Arsenic Gate" have been surrounding this drinking water market leader. Just recently, some media reported that Nongfu Spring’s standard is not as good as tap water, which once again triggered the public to rethink the drinking water source.

standard doubt

   
On April 8, some media exposed that Nongfu Spring used "DB33/383" Zhejiang local standards in the three major water sources of Wanlv Lake in Guangdong, Qiandao Lake in Zhejiang and Danjiangkou in Hubei, which is far lower than the "DB44/116-2000" Guangdong standard. Nongfu Spring is suspected of avoiding the use of standards. At the same time, Nongfu Spring also participated in the formulation of Zhejiang standards.

   
According to our understanding, compared with the Guangdong standard, the Zhejiang standard used by Nongfu Spring has twice the tolerance content of cadmium, arsenic and other harmful substances than the Guangdong standard. The Zhejiang standard tolerates the existence of fungi such as mold and yeast, while the Guangdong standard is "not detectable".

   
Subsequently, some media quoted Zhou Xiaolin, director of the Food Supervision and Administration Department of the Zhejiang Provincial Quality Supervision Bureau, as justifying the matter. According to the report, Zhou Xiaolin showed reporters the national standard GB19298-2003, the Zhejiang Provincial Standard DB33/383-2005 and the Guangdong Provincial Standard DBS44/001-2011, and said that the microbial indicators in these three standards are exactly the same.

   
But in fact, the national standard of "Bottle (Barrel) Drinking Water Hygiene Standards" mentioned by Zhou Xiaolin has been revised in January and September 2008, and the revised national standard is stricter than the Zhejiang standard. With the continuous fermentation of public opinion, Nongfu Spring finally responded to various doubts on the 11th.

   
"The arsenic and cadmium levels in Nongfu Spring products are below the detection limits, and the levels are so low that they cannot be detected. Mold and yeast are also undetectable." In its statement, Nongfu Spring did not provide a detailed explanation of the standard issue, but turned its attention to competitors. "We have reason to believe that the recent series of reports against Nongfu Spring are deliberately planned, and behind the scenes is the state-controlled drinking water company, China Resources Yibao."

Benchmarking Yibao

   
In the statement, Nongfu Spring cited negative online media coverage of its products since March 15, as well as a series of marketing campaigns by rival China Resources Yibao, and claimed that competitors had hired personnel in Hunan, Guangdong, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei and other places, and distributed articles attacking Nongfu Spring door-to-door to retail stores and consumers.

   
Luo Tan, president of the Guangdong Bottled Drinking Water Industry Association, told our reporter that Nongfu Spring is currently at the forefront of the bottled water market in the country, especially in the East China base camp, and has an absolute advantage. But in southern China, Nongfu Spring has to face competition from brands such as Yibao, Jingtian, Yili, and Watsons. Among them, Nongfu Spring and Yibao have the most intense competition in the Shenzhen market.

According to our understanding, the main product of farmers’ bottled water
At present, the price of 550ML in Guangzhou supermarkets is about 1.2-1 yuan, while in Shenzhen supermarkets in recent months has maintained 1.8-1 yuan/bottle, the price is close to the main competitor Yibao.

   
"Farmers seven or eight years ago had relatively good price maintenance, but with the rise of Master Kong and competition from other brands, farmers in southern China had to cut prices in exchange for market share," a drinking water company executive told the Financial Times on condition of anonymity.

   
According to it, the total bottled water market in Shenzhen rose by 11% last year compared with 2011, of which Nongfu Spring rose by 45%, and Nongfu’s bottled water market share in Shenzhen also jumped from 9% in 2011 to 12% in 2012.

   
China Resources Entrepreneurship (00291.HK), the parent company of Ipoh, reported last year that although it benefited from the rapid growth of sales and turnover of Ipoh pure water in Guangdong, Hunan, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Guangxi and Fujian, the total sales volume of the company’s beverage business in 2012 increased by 33% compared with the previous year to about 3507,000 kilolitres, with a turnover of 47.66 million Hong Kong dollars, an increase of 53.1% year-on-year, but the profit attributable to it decreased by 31.7% compared with 2011 to 86 million Hong Kong dollars.

   
The above-mentioned water company executives believe that the profit margins in the bottled water industry are currently very low, and for most brands, it is impossible to continue the downward price war.

Water source dilemma

   
From the original "Water Source Gate", "Fake Donation Gate", "Arsenic Gate", to the current "Standard Gate", water sources have always been the main aspect of Nongfu Spring’s criticism by the outside world. If the price cannot be beaten by Master Kong, the drinking water market can only go up the high-end route, and there are a variety of claims such as natural pure water and mineral water, but in the end, water sources are the commanding heights of major enterprises.

   
At present, the three main water sources of Nongfu Spring (Wanlu Lake in Guangdong, Qiandao Lake in Zhejiang, and Danjiangkou in Hubei) are basically lake water, which belongs to surface water. Nongfu Spring adopts the direct canning method, which is physically filtered according to certain standards (usually activated carbon and sand cans). If the water contains heavy metals, it cannot be filtered, and can only be controlled by the water quality of the water source itself.

   
"But from a natural science perspective, the control of lake and reservoir water has limitations." The above-mentioned water company executives believe that the so-called water source protection area is just a series of mandatory protection measures taken by the state for it. Compared with other water sources, the protection of water sources is much greater, but it does not mean that this water source is completely controlled.

   
In the opinion of the above-mentioned water company executives, it is already very difficult to find high-quality water sources, and even more difficult is how to maintain the water sources later.

   
"So far, the state’s supervision of agriculture has not been able to avoid the use of chemicals that affect human health, and these chemicals will gather in the catchment area with natural rainfall, so basically, if the unit that uses these water sources can control the safety of the water source 100%, I think this is a bit too much, it is impossible to do this," the water company executive said frankly.

   
Previously, some media went to the Danjiangkou Reservoir to investigate and found that there were all kinds of domestic waste on the shore around the water intake point of Nongfu Spring, but the staff of Nongfu Spring Factory said that the domestic waste had little impact on the water quality, just like "the sand in the rice".

On May 15, the Association for Operating System of Intelligent Road Side (AIR), jointly sponsored by the Society of Automotive Engineers of China, Beijing Car Network Technology Development Co., Ltd., Baidu, Tsinghua University Intelligent Connected Vehicle and Transportation Research Center, Tsinghua University Intelligent Industry Research Institute (AIR), and Beijing Zhiyuan Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, was officially established in Beijing and released the Intelligent Network Connected Road Side Operating System (ZLOS) 1.0 for the industry. As a key part of connecting cars to the cloud, "ZLOS 1.0" will build a unified technology and data base for high-level autonomous driving and smart transportation.

Zhilu OS 1.0 is officially upgraded and released for the industry

Beijing officially established the Beijing High-level Autonomous Driving Demonstration Zone in September 2020. In the application practice of intelligent networking and high-level autonomous driving, the concept of vehicle-road cloud integration has been verified, and existing problems have also been found. One of the outstanding problems is that in the process of roadside system construction, due to the non-decoupling of software and hardware, there are huge difficulties in subsequent transplantation of new functions, deployment of third-party apps, and expansion of roadside application services. The industry is also facing innovation thresholds such as decentralized construction, market decentralization, and management decentralization. The industry urgently needs unified macro-planning and architecture design to build a unified technology and data base for the upstream and downstream ecology. The release of "Smart Road OS1.0" is of great significance for the construction of autonomous driving and smart transportation ecology.

Kong Lei, director of the Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee and director of the Beijing High-level Autonomous Driving Demonstration Zone Work Office, said that Beijing and the Economic Development Zone will fully support the construction of the demonstration zone and insist on promoting the implementation of the China car-road-cloud integration program. "Smart Road OS" is the basic software platform of the intelligent network-connected road-side computing unit precipitated under the overall structure of the car-road-cloud integration China program, with high-level autonomous driving technology and applications as the traction. It is of great significance in greatly reducing system costs, realizing unified software deployment management and forming a positive trend of ecological co-construction. Beijing High-level Autonomous Driving Demonstration Zone is willing to provide a city-level experimental platform for the development of intelligent network-connected road-side operating systems.

Kong Lei, director of the Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee and director of the Beijing High-level Autonomous Driving Demonstration Zone Work Office, delivered a speech

Zhang Jinhua, executive vice chairperson and secretary general of the Chinese Society of Automotive Engineers, said that the establishment of the Zhilu OS Promotion Association aims to promote the coordinated development of the standards, functions and overall process of the roadside operating system, which is crucial to promoting the high-quality development of the entire intelligent networking industry. The Society of Automotive Engineers of China will continue to deeply participate in and support the relevant work of the Zhilu OS Promotion Association, promote cross-industry collaboration of related technologies, accelerate open-source opening, and promote the application in the national demonstration area, and take the lead in commercialization.

Under the joint guidance and witness of the Equipment Industry Development Center of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the "Science and Technology Innovation China" Open Source Innovation Consortium, the Open Atomic Open Source Foundation, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology, and the Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee, the "Zhilu OS 1.0" version was officially released as the first major innovation achievement after the establishment of the Zhilu OS Promotion Association. This achievement can provide industry stakeholders with a complete vehicle-road cloud integrated development environment, framework and application examples, helping intelligent transportation system integrators, car companies, and autonomous driving technology solution providers to easily build vehicle-road collaborative autonomous driving systems and intelligent transportation applications from 0 to 1.

Li Keqiang, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and chairperson of the Zhilu OS Promotion Association, said that the realization of high-level autonomous driving cannot be separated from the support of infrastructure. To achieve true collaboration of vehicle-road cloud integration, use data to make deep-level perception predictions under certain standards and technical frameworks, and achieve effective data management, requires the joint efforts of all parties in the industry. The release of Zhilu OS Promotion Association and Zhilu OS 1.0 results is a necessary and important measure in the current industrial background. In the future, it is necessary to continue to build industry consensus, truly promote the industrialization of key technologies of roadside units, form a commercial closed loop, and promote the high-quality development of the intelligent networked automobile industry.

Zhang Yaqin, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and director of the Expert Committee of the Zhilu OS Collaboration Promotion Association, said in his speech that in the era of intelligence, ecological co-construction has become the key to winning the future, especially for the automotive and transportation industries with a long and connected industrial chain. "I think this is also the value of the Collaboration Promotion Association – adhering to the original intention of promoting the development of the industry, with open-led technical capabilities and strong industrial centripetal force, to build a new ecosystem of intelligent networking, and promote the prosperity of the intelligent networking industry."

Baidu Vice President Shang Guobin spoke as a representative of the technology core contributor

As a representative of the core contributor of technology, Shang Guobin, vice president of Baidu, said in his speech that the intelligent networking industry is in a window period of large-scale development. "Smart OS" is driven by high-level autonomous driving technology. It is a core operating system with global competitive advantage and autonomy and control. It is of great significance for building an autonomous driving and intelligent networking ecosystem. Baidu Apollo will continue to adhere to the tenet of "open capabilities, shared resources, accelerated innovation, and continuous win-win". With Smart Road as an important platform, it will open up leading technologies and practical experience to the industry, and build an efficient, innovative and win-win open-source environment.

Wang Miao, chief scientist of Baidu Intelligent Driving Business Group Vehicle Road System, interpreted the three major features and five capabilities of the "Zhilu OS 1.0" version. In terms of technical route selection, based on the practical experience of the demonstration area, "Zhilu OS" starts from the underlying chip, architecture, operating system, and algorithm, and creates autonomous and controllable key technologies in the way of "vehicle road cloud integration". On the one hand, the "Zhilu OS 1.0" version not only enhances the capabilities of the road side, but also expands the capabilities of the car side and the cloud, so that it has three characteristics: an out-of-the-box car-road collaborative sensing system, a native high-performance framework of car-road cloud homogeneity, a unified standard, and complete openness; on the other hand, the new version mainly provides industry practitioners with five core capabilities: AI middleware capabilities, map service capabilities, communication capabilities, service-oriented capabilities, and hardware abstraction capabilities.

Standard construction is an important task in the ecological construction of the operating system. Li Feng, deputy general manager of Beijing Car Network Technology Development Co., Ltd., gave a keynote speech entitled "Landing Practice, Standards First" at the press conference. The speech reviewed the development status and practical difficulties of the industry, and proposed that as the foundation and key link of ecological landing promotion, standard construction should be given priority, and the specific implementation should be promoted by "standards – ecology – practice" closed-loop.