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How do humans count from fingers to AI？

　　Computing equipment displayed in Tsinghua University Science Museum.

　　How do humans calculate?

　　We can often see that children like to break their hands and count. For human ancestors whose evolution degree is not high, fingers have written a landmark first page for the history of human computing.

　　Not long ago, the first comprehensive science museum in China — — Tsinghua University Science Museum, together with Zimuyuan Museum in Hefei, displayed 80 important computing instruments in the history of the East and the West in three units: operation, cleverness and switching on electricity.

　　In fact, the museum has collected more than 4,000 pieces of scientific instruments, and has carried out research restoration on famous Chinese and foreign scientific instruments and technological inventions with written records that have been lost in history. Among the 80 pieces of computing instruments in this exhibition, the research and manufacturing team of the museum, after in-depth research, copied the mathematical clay tablets of Babylon and the bamboo slips of the Warring States Period, restored Leonardo da Vinci’s odometer and the drum car of the Song Dynasty, built the ancient Greek Antikythera device with Lego, and developed the interactive model of the Sikard calculator, Pascal calculator and Leibniz calculator.

　　Counting is the basis of arithmetic, and human’s 10 fingers become the simplest and most convenient technical tool, which is probably the fundamental reason for decimal calculation. In the ancient world, the "finger counting method" was brought to the extreme. Nowadays, people may not imagine that the finger counting method in medieval Europe can even use two hands to represent as many as 9999 numbers. Until today, finger counting is still widely used in spoken language, sign language and gesture communication.

　　As the starting point of early human computing practice, in addition to fingers, our ancestors also used knots, calculations and arithmetic to represent discrete units, and carried out simple operations by moving and arranging these units. For more complex operations and functions, people will arrange the calculation results into tables or use analog calculation devices such as proportional gauge, slide rule and nomograph. These early calculation tools mainly rely on manual operation, and there is no clear input and output device.

　　In China, in 2017, Tsinghua University Unearthed Literature Research and Protection Center discovered the earliest decimal calculator "Calculation Table", which was certified by Guinness World Records in the same year. The table is in tabular form, and the core part is the multiplication table of 99, which is composed of "9" to "1" and their products "81" to "1". "Calculation Table" can also be used to convert the multiplication of two digits into the addition of four crossing points by crossing silk threads and using the exchange law to realize fast operation.

　　With the continuous development of human society, such computing devices are no longer enough.

　　In the 17th century, the idea of mechanical calculator was put into practice for the first time, and it was really commercialized in the middle of 19th century. The extensive use of mechanical calculators conforms to the internal requirements of the rapidly developing capitalist market economy and large-scale industrial production. Difference machine and analyzer are the pinnacle of the development of mechanical calculators, and the analyzer already has the idea of program control, which also indicates the development direction of electronic computers in the future.

　　But the electronic computer, which was born in the middle of the 20th century, is a great synthesis in the history of science and technology. The introduction of electricity into computing machines has greatly improved the computing speed of human beings. Since then, computing is no longer just arithmetic, but intelligent activity, and computers are no longer just computing tools, but artificial intelligence.

　　Nowadays, smartphones everywhere are no longer called "computing devices". This forgetfulness of calculation just proves that calculation has been immersed in every corner of human activities. The digitalization of the world also turns all problems into calculation problems.

　　Computing devices are everywhere, but they are hidden, indicating that human beings will enter the AI era of intelligent computing.

How to recycle the batteries of new energy vehicles？ Expert： Car companies are the first responsible subject.

　　With the rapid growth of sales and ownership of new energy vehicles, a new problem has surfaced: what to do with the power batteries used in new energy vehicles after they are scrapped?

　　The interim measures for the management of the recycling of power batteries for new energy vehicles jointly formulated by seven departments, including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, will come into effect on August 1.

　　Hefei is the first pilot city of new energy vehicles in China. Now, with the use and popularization of these new energy vehicles, various problems have gradually emerged in automobile power batteries. How to deal with these aging or even abandoned batteries? The reporter recently interviewed people in the industry for this purpose.

　　expert

　　Car companies are the first responsible body for battery recycling.

　　How to deal with the scrapped battery? Qin Liwei, director of the electric vehicle platform of Jianghuai Automobile New Energy Automobile Research Institute, made the following interpretation from a professional perspective.

　　"This policy, which was implemented on August 1, is extremely timely and reasonable for the whole industry. The original intention of research and development of new energy vehicles is to protect the environment. Now strengthening the recycling of batteries is also due to deep environmental considerations." Qin Liwei said. On the one hand, although it takes a certain degree of buffer period for major recycling enterprises to apply for qualification and production capacity, battery manufacturers to destock, automobile manufacturers to establish recycling outlets and recycling system construction, Jianghuai Automobile, as the first batch of enterprises producing electric vehicles in China, has entered the retirement period, so it is necessary to prepare for the upcoming "scrapping tide". On the other hand, many rounds of discussions have been carried out before the introduction of this new regulation. At present, the responsibilities of all parties are clearly divided, the tasks are clear, and the implementation is reasonable. Jianghuai has always attached great importance to this work, and made it clear that "car companies are the first responsible subject for battery recycling".

　　There are three major destinations for scrapping new energy vehicle power batteries.

　　When asked about the whereabouts of the power batteries of new energy vehicles after scrapping, Qin Liwei said that the batteries currently used by Jianghuai Automobile are mainly divided into three major destinations according to categories: First, test batteries are returned to battery manufacturers and then delivered by relevant departments to battery recycling enterprises with professional qualifications; Second, some markets repair batteries, which are scrapped by maintenance service personnel to battery manufacturers for recycling; Third, the batteries used in JAC vehicles are signing agreements with professional battery recycling enterprises to open up ways to recycle batteries.

　　It is understood that there is no enterprise specializing in recycling new energy vehicle batteries in Hefei at present, and the qualification of recycling is of vital significance in the whole implementation. At present, there are only five enterprises with this qualification in China, and Hefei Guoxuan Hi-Tech Power Energy Co., Ltd. is applying for this qualification to carry out battery recycling business.

　　At present, there are two main ways to dispose of scrapped batteries in China. One is to send them to related recycling enterprises for physical disassembly and direct scrapping, and the other is to store energy and recycle batteries that are still valuable, such as the use of traffic lights at intersections. For the promotion of battery recycling in the future, Qin Liwei put forward the following suggestions: First, strengthen public opinion propaganda and actively guide consumers to scrap batteries in formal channels; The second is to implement the establishment of all relevant laws and regulations to restrict vehicles and improve the personal punishment mechanism; The third is to strengthen the connection between the registration of the vehicle management office and the owner’s change and traceability system.

　　owner

　　There is still a large demand for charging. I hope the new regulations will land as soon as possible.

　　For the problem of battery scrapping, the reporter visited several communities in Hefei on the spot and learned about the configuration of charging piles in several communities and the attitude of car owners to this new regulation.

　　In the Binhu Mingzhu Community, there are 16 slow-charging charging piles at the entrance, and four new energy vehicles are charging. A male car owner said, "Our electric car has just been purchased for one year, and it is not very convenient to charge. There are fewer charging piles nearby, and some fuel vehicles occupy the original charging position." When talking about the new regulations on power batteries recently introduced, the owner said: "If this policy is implemented, it will certainly be very supportive. After all, there will still be a special channel for recycling and disposal of aging batteries in the future."

　　In Yaohai Peace Garden, the community is equipped with 15 fast-charging charging piles. When the reporter went to the scene, only two new energy vehicles were parked and charged. A female car owner who is charging told reporters that because there are charging piles in the community, the usual charging needs can still be basically met. When asked if he was worried about what to do with the aging battery, the owner said, "Yes, I am worried. I have been driving this car for three or four years, and I still don’t know what to do when the battery is discarded. I hope there is a good way to solve this confusion."

　　government department

　　Hefei has a reward for recycling used power batteries.

　　The reporter learned that from the "Notice on Declaring Some Financial Subsidies for Hefei-level New Energy Vehicles in 2017" issued by the Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, it can be clearly seen that "the waste power battery recycling system will be established for vehicle and battery manufacturers and recycled, and 10 yuan will be awarded per kWh according to the battery capacity."

　　The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other seven ministries and commissions have jointly identified 17 regions including Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and China Tower Co., Ltd. as pilot areas and enterprises for recycling power batteries of new energy vehicles, and our province has been successfully selected as a pilot.

　　According to the pilot scheme, our province will gradually realize the overall goal of "1234" by 2020 in accordance with the principle of government guidance and market dominance, that is, to form an industrial alliance of power battery recycling, build two systems of power battery recycling and traceability, build three platforms of power battery evaluation, trading and research and development, build four benchmark enterprises, including step-by-step utilization benchmark enterprises and comprehensive utilization benchmark enterprises, and build a number of demonstration projects. Establish a recycling network covering Anhui and surrounding provinces, form a perfect recycling system for power batteries, and form a comprehensive utilization capacity of a certain scale.

　　dealer

　　You can contact directly for trade-in.

　　The reporter contacted a number of dealers selling new energy vehicles in Hefei by telephone, and learned from them that at present, if the power batteries of new energy vehicles in consumers’ homes are aging, they can be dealt with by dealers. However, replacing the new energy battery can only change the battery core, not the whole group.

　　When asked what to do with the battery after recycling, a dealer revealed that at present, there is no national and regional system recycling network built by battery manufacturers or dealers in China. If the power battery of new energy vehicle is aging, the owner will directly exchange the used battery in the form of discount by directly contacting the dealer. After that, the dealers will carry out relevant centralized treatment of the recovered batteries, but at present, there is no local enterprise specializing in the treatment of new energy vehicle batteries in Hefei.

　　background information

　　As the first pilot city of new energy vehicles in China, Hefei ranks first in the proportion of new energy vehicles in the number of motor vehicles, and the total promotion and application of family pure electric cars ranks first in the country. By the end of July 2015, Hefei had promoted 16,000 new energy vehicles nationwide and 9,932 new energy vehicles within the city, accounting for about 5.6% of the national total.

　　A few days ago, the Interim Measures for the Management of Recycling Power Batteries of New Energy Vehicles jointly formulated by seven departments including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology came into effect on August 1. The interim measures stipulate that: automobile production enterprises bear the main responsibility for recycling power batteries, and relevant enterprises perform corresponding responsibilities in all aspects of recycling power batteries to ensure the effective utilization and environmental protection disposal of power batteries.

　　advice from others

　　Current situation of battery recycling and disposal in other countries

　　It is understood that at present, developed countries have basically established a relatively complete recycling system for waste lead batteries, mainly in the following three ways: battery manufacturers are responsible for organizing recycling through their retail networks; Establish a specific waste battery recycling company by recycling enterprises; Compulsory alliance and professional recycling company approved by government regulations to collect batteries and recycle waste.

　　The waste batteries recovered by the above three ways are uniformly handed over to the regular recycling enterprises, and the government gives the recycling enterprises a certain subsidy for the disposal of waste batteries.

　　Intern Han Xiao Hefei Evening News ZAKER Hefei Trainee Reporter Tang Meng Wen/Tu

Unfortunately, the loyal minister of Juventus met with the captain of Inter Milan, who had no way to serve his country in Argentina, but became an Italian hero.

# 100 Watching Teams # Throughout the long history of Argentine football, this old-fashioned giant in the green world has never lacked talents. This is obviously a good thing for the Argentine national team. But for some players, it may not be a good thing. For example, Camoranesi, the hero of this article, a loyal Juventus minister with strong personal ability and loyalty, can only accept the fate of serving the country in Argentina because he unfortunately met Inter Milan captain Sanetti, which is extremely embarrassing:

Mauro german camoranesi was born in Tantier, Argentina on October 4th, 1976. Unlike those compatriots who received professional training at a young age in the youth training camps of traditional Argentine giants such as Riverbed and Boca, Camoranesi received youth training at a club called Atletico Alto Silvio. I’m afraid even many old fans who often pay attention to the Argentine League on weekdays don’t know much about this club, which was still hanging out in the Argentine Second Division at that time.

Born in this level of club, the fledgling Camoranesi suffered a lot. Unlike saviola and aimar, who have attracted much attention since their debut, Camoranesi did not get much attention in the first five years of his career, and he tasted the pain of wandering at an early age. He changed his employer five times in five years. It was not until 2000 that he was recruited by Verona as far away as Apennine that his career was slightly stable.

Camoranesi was a qualified right wing before landing in Apennine. He can not only break through with the ball, but also score from a long distance, which can disrupt the opponent’s defense line by himself. Of course, Camoranesi’s teamwork spirit is also beyond doubt. His first choice after a successful breakthrough on the flank is often to send an accurate cross to his teammates. In addition to creating threats on the flank, Camoranesi will occasionally move to the middle, and there will be a stunning direct plug, which will make the opponent hard to prevent.

Under the influence of Serie A, Camoranesi’s defensive ability has made great progress. As long as he sets foot on the court, he will not hesitate to defend physically, greatly reducing the defensive pressure of his own team. Although Camoranesi’s contribution on the defensive end can’t be compared with Nesta’s professional defensive player, Camoranesi has never been the team’s defensive weakness.

As for Camoranesi’s club Verona at that time, compared with the established strong teams like Inter Milan and Juventus, it is naturally not enough. However, the configuration of this team on the offensive line is actually quite good. Besides Camoranesi, he also owns Gilardino and Mutu, all of whom are famous figures in the green world.

Unfortunately, both Gilardino and Mutu were newcomers at that time, and they had not reached the peak of their professionalism. Therefore, Mutu, Gilardino and Camoranesi’s offensive combination are not very effective. Verona, let alone compete for European qualification, even struggled to avoid relegation, and have been hovering on the edge of the relegation zone. After the end of the 2001-02 season, Verona was unfortunately relegated.

Verona’s record will obviously affect Argentina’s attitude towards Camoranesi. You know, Argentina’s national team at that time was full of famous talents. Take the 2002 World Cup in Korea and Japan as an example. Even Riquelme and saviola, the most important men of the year, will be unfortunately defeated, so Camoranesi, who plays for Verona, will naturally not be called up by the Argentine national team. Even the media that was most opposed to the then Argentine coach Belsa would not take Camoranesi’s failure to participate in the 2002 World Cup in Korea and Japan as Belsa’s crime.

Fortunately, there are people who know the goods after all. After Verona’s unfortunate demotion, Juventus, a veteran Italian club, extended an olive branch to him and attracted him. It must be explained here that in the summer when Camoranesi joined Juventus, the Italian media generally believed that this new signing was just a substitute for Zambrotta. Zambrotta was unfortunately injured in the 2002 World Cup in Korea and Japan, and was doomed to miss the beginning of Serie A in 2002-03.

Perhaps even Moggi, known as the "king of transfer", didn’t expect Camoranesi, the new aid of Youwen, to be so fierce. During Zambrotta’s rehabilitation, Camoranesi played a phenomenal performance and locked his main seat in one fell swoop. So when Zambrotta comes back from injury, the Italian native can only look for playing opportunities in other positions. Fortunately, Zambrotta is versatile enough not to worry about having no ball to play …

It was not until this stage that there began to be voices calling for the Argentine national team to recruit Camoranesi. However, then Argentine coach Belsa was still unwilling to give Camoranesi a chance.

As for the reasons, there are probably two aspects: First, it was Camoranesi’s first season when he joined Juventus. Although his personal performance was excellent, at that time, he was not the kind of star player with old qualifications and his influence in football was not too great. Plus Camoranesi was born in a small club like Sporting Civi in Huhardeaux, not to mention his influence in Argentina. As a direct result, even if there are voices calling for the Argentine national team to recruit Camoranesi, the voices are not too many and not too loud. At the very least, it is nothing compared with the call for Belsa to call up Riquelme before and after the 2002 World Cup.

Second, and perhaps more importantly, I met Inter captain Sanetti in Camoranesi. Although Zanetti often played as a right-back during his time at Inter Milan, in Belsa’s 3-3-1-3 tactical system, Zanetti was the right-back avant-garde.

Once Belsa recruits Camoranesi, then Camoranesi’s biggest competitor is undoubtedly Zanetti. At that time, Sanetti was not only in his prime, but also had already proved his strength in the Argentine national team. Whether it was the 1998 World Cup in France or the 2002 World Cup in Korea and Japan, although the Argentine team failed to laugh at the end, Sanetti’s personal performance was impeccable and was deeply loved by Argentine football. Against this background, it is really difficult for Camoranesi to compete with Zanetti, the captain of Inter Milan.

When Camoranesi had no way to serve his country in Argentina, the Italian national team extended an olive branch to him. Because Camoranesi’s great-grandfather was Italian, it is not difficult for Camoranesi to apply for an Italian passport. So Camoranesi simply decided to play for the Italian national team.

Even if Camoranesi is strong enough to play for the Italian national team, there are still people who sneer at him. For example, fiore, an Italian international, once publicly stated that players should play for which country they were born.

This situation continued until the 2006 World Cup in Germany. Camoranesi, as the main player of Italy, helped the Azzurri win the World Cup successfully and became an undisputed Italian hero. The controversy about whether the Italian team should reuse Camoranesi only subsided.

Also in the summer of 2006, Camoranesi stuck with Juventus, who was relegated to Serie B, and chose to stay with Nedved, Buffon, Piero and Trezeguet, becoming a recognized loyal minister of Juventus. The reputation of "Brad Pitt" is destined to go down in history.

Camoranesi returned to Serie A with Juventus after suffering in Serie B for a year. However, the Calciopoli incident has had a great impact on the Bianconeri, which has lost a lot of main players. As a result, in the first few seasons before Juventus returned to Serie A, the team’s record was not good.

As for Camoranesi personally, with the increase of age and the troubles of injuries, the competitive state of this loyal servant of Juventus has indeed declined a lot. By the summer of 2010, Camoranesi, then 34, waved goodbye to Juventus and moved to Stuttgart. However, the old Camoranesi’s life in the Bundesliga was not happy. It was difficult for him to guarantee his playing time, and he soon changed his family and returned to play in the Argentine League. It wasn’t long before Camoranesi announced his retirement.

Rob someone! French media： The AFL is prepared to do whatever it takes to persuade Messi to join in and stop Mero from getting together.

In the second round of the quarter-final of the Champions League that ended in the middle of the week, Greater Paris lost to Bayern 0-2, and the total score was eliminated 0-3. Argentine superstar Messi failed to taste the Champions League for eight consecutive years. After being eliminated from the Champions League, the rumors about Messi’s transfer once again occupied the headlines of major media. Among them, the French media "L ‘Equipe" broke the news that Barcelona and Saudi Arabia may become Messi’s next stop, but at present, the American Professional League is taking all possible means to persuade Messi to join.

Although the 35-year-old Messi hopes to participate in the Champions League next season, some media said that the only offer he received came from Paris. For the Paris club with no ambition and the Paris fans who don’t respect themselves enough, Messi may have lost interest in staying in the team. At present, Greater Paris is facing the fate of MMN dissolution and reconstruction.

Messi’s potential next homes include Barcelona and Manchester City, but Barcelona is facing a "referee’s door" investigation. Once it is confirmed that Barcelona does have bribery, then Barcelona is likely to be deducted and disqualified from the Champions League next season. Although Guardiola has always been unable to hide his love for Messi, he has no plans to invite Messi to join. In this way, the Saudi League and the American Professional League have become Messi’s potential next homes.

Team newspaper said that Major League Baseball was ready to sign Messi at all costs, and this treatment would be comparable to Beckham’s joining Los Angeles Galaxy in 2007, that is, huge salary+franchise+Miami International (Beckham’s salary for five years was 30 million euros). The AFL wants to take Messi before the Saudis do it and stop Mero from meeting in Saudi Arabia.

Jerome Merry, the middleman between the European League and the American Professional League, confirmed this. Merry also revealed that if Messi joins, American local enterprises will flock to us. However, Merry finally said that it is unlikely that Messi will choose the American Professional League. Because Messi still has interesting sports in Paris, on the other hand, he still has the possibility of returning to Barcelona.

What trends will 2023 bring for the tech world?

What’s the context?

After a rocky 2022 for Big Tech, experts give their forecasts for next year – from crypto regulations to content crackdowns

  • Legislative pressure set to rise in drive to protect users
  • Twitter takeover intensifies debate on content moderation
  • Crypto collapse seen accelerating regulatory moves

It has been a tumultuous year in the world of technology: Elon Musk took over Twitter, crypto crashed, and new laws sought to rein in Big Tech companies and control online content.

It was also the year that artificial intelligence-generated art went mainstream, even controversially winning a prize in a competition at the Colorado State Fair.

So what does 2023 hold in store, and how will tech users be affected around the world? We asked experts from the United States to India for their predictions.

What is the difference between a steam room and a sauna?

I always can’t tell the difference between sweat steaming and sauna, I don’t think there is any difference between the two, so what is the difference between sweat steaming and sauna? Which is better, steam or sauna?
First, the principle is different
Sweat steaming mainly uses the energy field formed by the negative ions, far-infrared rays, and micro-currents released by tourmaline to act on the human body and stimulate the body to generate heat energy; while sauna uses high-temperature water vapor to act on the skin from the outside and conduct heat into the body. .

Second, the temperature is different
The steaming temperature is around 42-45 degrees Celsius, and the scientific steaming time is 40-60 minutes. People will not feel suffocated during the sweating process, and the breathing will be very smooth; the sauna temperature can reach 60-70 degrees Celsius, when the human body can only stay 5-10 minutes, if the time is too long, you will feel chest tightness and shortness of breath.

  1. Perspiration effect
    The sweat discharged by the steaming has no sweat smell, which will make the human skin smooth, which can have the benefits of beauty, body beauty, and disease conditioning. However, it should be noted that it is not suitable to shower within 6 hours after the steaming, as the shower will detract from the health care of the steaming. The sweat is sticky and has a smell of sweat, and it is necessary to take a bath after the sauna to remove the smell of sweat.
  2. Operation method
    Sweat steaming is through physical conditions such as far infrared rays, negative ions, expanding substances and trace elements to expand the pores of the human body in a high temperature manner, discharge toxic substances in the body, and achieve the effect of health care; while the sauna uses steam to make the deep skin heat effect under high temperature conditions. , and then achieve the effect of expelling toxins in the body through the pores that are enlarged under high temperature.