标签： 苏州桑拿网

　　 CCTV News:Recently, South China University of Technology published an "early warning list of undergraduate studies in the whole school", which attracted attention. 737 students have received academic warnings, and more than 200 students are still facing demotion. In recent years, many colleges and universities are carrying out academic early warning mechanism. Previously, universities such as Shenzhen University of Technology and Guangdong Medical University also released similar academic early warning information.

　　Under what circumstances will students receive an academic warning?

　　Why should colleges and universities carry out academic early warning mechanism?

　　What should the school do after the academic warning is issued?

　　Solve the problem of students’ difficulty in completing their studies from the root

　　What else can I do?

　　What is academic warning? What is the "trigger condition"?

　　Academic early warning is mainly a mechanism for the school to help students successfully complete their studies through warning, communication and some assistance measures for students who may or have already had learning problems, such as excessive absenteeism and frequent failure of classes. There are often two categories:

　　Attendance warning:It is aimed at students who have been absent from school for no reason and accumulated close to or reached the prescribed hours.

　　Performance warning:For students who fail more than a certain number of courses in a semester or school year.

　　Many colleges and universities have their own regulations on academic early warning.

　　South China University of TechnologyAccording to the regulations, students who fail to score more than 15 points will trigger an early warning. If they exceed 25 points, they will be demoted for trial reading, and those who fail to meet the standards again will be dismissed.

　　Shenzhen University of TechnologyIt is to give academic warning to students whose total course credits obtained in the current semester do not reach half of the total credits of the courses selected in the current semester.

　　University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyIt is stipulated that students should complete 25 credits at the end of grade one, 60 credits at the end of grade two and 100 credits at the end of grade three and above. The academic affairs office gives academic warnings to students who fail to meet the requirements for the first time every academic year and sends "academic warning notices".

　　Shanghai University Of Engineering ScienceAccording to the number of credits that failed the course each semester, the early warning is divided into three levels, two levels and one level.

　　Shanghai Maritime UniversityIt is stipulated that students who fail more than 2 courses each semester and fail more than 9 credits will be given professional early warning.

　　Academic early warning is nothing new, and there are relevant regulations.

　　In fact, it is nothing new to warn students who have academic problems and may not be able to graduate. As early as 2019, the Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Undergraduate Education and Teaching and Improving the Quality of Personnel Training issued by the Ministry of Education proposed that colleges and universities should establish an academic early warning and elimination mechanism. Colleges and universities also began to explore immediately.

　　What does it mean to receive an academic warning? What is the purpose of establishing this mechanism? Come and listen to the expert’s interpretation.

　　Chu Zhaohui, a researcher at China Academy of Educational Sciences:Many subjects failed the examination, which is obviously an abnormal situation. As for the severity, it is mainly based on how many disciplines have problems to warn. The meaning of test scores in different subjects is different, but they should all attract students’ attention. If you don’t take measures, you may not be able to finish your studies, you may face demotion and you may face elimination.

　　Chen Zhiwen, Academic Member of China Education Development Strategy Society:For example, I was supervised by my parents and teachers since I was a child, and then I went to the university to "herd sheep." And if you don’t want to learn, then truancy and failing classes are more common. If he is not a subjective attitude problem, he may have learned something that he is not good at. Many children blindly followed when volunteering for the college entrance examination, and even were misled into finding a good job in this major, and then applied for this major, but in fact he was not suitable at all. Let’s not wait until the students finally graduate, because too many students fail to get their diplomas, so we should constantly remind them at different levels. For example, if you fail 8 courses, you won’t have a diploma. When we fail 4 courses in advance, we will start to remind you. Synchronization often informs parents and forms a joint force to urge children to learn.

　　Dynamic monitoring and accurate assistance to help students complete their studies

　　The period of university education is relatively long, and the establishment of academic early warning mechanism also sends a signal that the monitoring of students’ academic situation in colleges and universities is more dynamic and normal, which runs through the whole process of students’ education and training.

　　So what will the school do after issuing an early warning? Can students who receive early warning graduate smoothly?

　　In Guangdong Medical University, the academic early warning system for undergraduate students has been implemented for more than three years. Over the past three years, nearly 100 students have received academic warnings. Among them,70% of the students successfully completed their studies through the assistance of the academic early warning system.

　　Zhou Yanfang, Director of Academic Affairs Department of Guangdong Medical University:More is a kind of care. For example, in the earliest caring consultation, academic tutors and professional tutors communicated one-on-one to find some problems, such as study habits, learning ability or psychological pressure; Then some precise help strategies are carried out, including both academic help and psychological help.

　　In University of Science and Technology Beijing, the school conducts academic research and judgment on students every semester, expands the scope of assistance to all students who fail classes, and carries out peer exercise classes and one-on-one counseling activities under the guidance of professional teachers. The counseling subjects cover mathematics, physics, chemistry and other disciplines.

　　Gao Li, Deputy Director of Student Affairs Department, University of Science and Technology Beijing: We have divided the early warning mechanism of red, yellow and blue lines. If a student already has an academic warning or is about to face an academic warning, we should put him in the red line. If a student can’t finish 70% of the required course credits, we will put him in the yellow warning; All the students who fail the course, we should put them in the blue warning. Through early detection, early intervention and early treatment, I hope that he can get some outside counseling and support when he just fails.

　　What else can be done to solve "learning difficulties"?

　　Some college students become "families with learning difficulties" because of subjective factors, such as weak autonomous learning ability, and the school can give him targeted early warning assistance. However, some problems also exist objectively, such as being confused when applying for a major, or the course is not in line with expectations, which makes it difficult for students to complete their studies. In view of this kind of problem, what else can we improve in the teaching process?

　　Chu Zhaohui, a researcher at China Academy of Educational Sciences:I think it should be reconsidered in education and teaching, not only after warning.

　　In the first aspect,There are relatively many compulsory courses and relatively few elective courses in colleges and universities.So students have less choice space. Is it his favorite class? Is it valuable to his studies? In fact, different courses are different for different children.

　　In the second aspect,The assessment of students, the implementation of the academic year system.Undergraduate courses must be completed within four years and five years, which is inflexible. For those students who haven’t realized the significance and value of learning, I think the school can consider implementing some flexibility. Because of the difference between the academic year system and the credit system, this may be somewhat difficult.

　　The third one ismajor field. During the changes in the past few years, some colleges and universities have set up major transfer. But overall,There are still some obstacles to changing majors., especially in the case of academic problems, change majors. In the past, many schools changed their majors, but in fact, they had to get to the top of the grade before they could change.

　　For those students who have early warning, we must understand and investigate their situation to make predictions, instead of saying that I have done my duty by giving early warning, so there will still be some new problems.

Original China Cooking Magazine China Cooking Magazine was included in the topic # 57 high-end interviews of China catering.

Text/Yan Hongwei

Photography/Zhang Yang

"2022 makes us calm and meet our own times." On the occasion of the new year, Cui Baohua wrote this message in a circle of friends. In 2021, like many catering enterprises, Four Seasons Minfu Roast Duck Restaurant is not easy to walk, but it is also constantly breaking through. As the head brand of Beijing cuisine, Four Seasons Minfu went out of Beijing for the first time and came to Shanghai. The opening of the store was hot and the customers were full. The extension store in Shanghai has brought them a lot of inspiration.

Cui Baohua was born in Shaanxi after 1980s. Senior national cooking technician and famous chef of Beijing cuisine. In 2000, he became a chef and studied under Cui Yufen, a national treasure chef. Came to Beijing in 2002; Four Seasons Minfu was founded in 2008. As a member of the founding team, he has been focusing on the brand for 14 years and is currently the production director of Four Seasons Minfu.

As a typical representative of the upgrading of Beijing cuisine, Four Seasons Minfu is a popular punch-in restaurant in Beijing, which is full of flavor, quality, reliable products and considerate to the people. Especially in Qianmen Store and Forbidden City Store, there are always people waiting in line outside the store, and it usually takes more than one or two hours to eat this mouth.

On the other hand, the team, the store fire people low-key. From the founder Ji Hongsheng, the general manager Zhang Guanghui to the production director Cui Baohua, all of them were chefs, who transformed into managers in the process of opening stores and polished stores, teams and dishes. I have known Cui Baohua for many years, and after several contacts, I feel that he is no longer a chef in the traditional sense, but more like a product manager of a restaurant enterprise.

From an ordinary migrant worker in Beipiao to the co-founder and top producer of Beijing Cuisine Head Brand, let’s listen to Cui Baohua how to complete his own transformation and value realization, and how to achieve mutual success with the brand.

From Shaanxi to Beijing, the target chef

I grew up in Xianyang, Shaanxi, and it was a coincidence that I chose to be a chef. Because there are many people in our family who are engaged in this line, some are cooks and some are restaurateurs. At that time in 2000, I either studied computer or chef. Anyway, I must learn a trade. Later, I studied cooking in my hometown for a year and a half. I felt that there were only a few things I could learn in a small city, and I wanted to earn more money. A relative at home in Beijing said that he could earn thousands of dollars a month in Beijing, which was considered a high salary at that time. I decided to come here, with a clear goal. If I go out, I will succeed.

I remember that it was April 28th, 2002. My relatives introduced me to work in Minfuju, the predecessor of Four Seasons Minfu, but I left after five or six months. Because I just came to Beijing at that time and wanted to learn more skills, I ran around and worked in Cantonese, Hunan, Sichuan and Huaiyang cuisine. Although I also want to make money, I also know that my skills are not enough and I can’t make money in the future. I will go where anyone can teach me craft and learn something. The goal at that time was to become a chef.

Working in a restaurant in Pinggu for more than two years had a great influence on me, which was a turning point in Beijing. Why can I sink in that shop? Because the owner of that restaurant is very willing to innovate, he invites the chef who is good at cooking to come over and change the menu. He has invited famous chefs from Guangdong, Sichuan, Hunan and hubei cuisine. I met famous teachers from different cuisines there and learned different knowledge. I was only about 20 years old when I became a chef. That experience is very helpful for me to do research and development now. When developing dishes, I can learn from other cuisines immediately. I didn’t feel much at that time, but now I feel that I have benefited a lot.

The Product Thinking of Four Seasons Minfu

From 2002 to 2007, Cui Baohua absorbed the nutrition of various trendy cuisines. In those years, it was you who sang me out, and the cuisines merged and surged. Home cooking has also undergone a revolution, and personalized and exquisite home cooking has opened a new era.

At the end of 2007, Minfuju dengshikou Store was in urgent need of manpower for the Chinese New Year, and Cui Baohua was recruited to the store to help. The next year, the store was renamed "Four Seasons People’s Happiness", and the brand was founded. Cui Baohua was highly valued, from wok to chef, to store manager in 2010, to executive chef of the company in 2012, until today’s production director. In these 14 years, he changed from chef’s thinking to operator’s thinking, and from chef to product manager of restaurant enterprises.

The chef’s thinking is to stand in the kitchen position, and the food should be delicious. And the operator’s thinking is: who do you want to sell your products to? Does the customer recognize it? Is standardization and reproducibility high? Whether the waiter can operate well in the whole process … is a whole thinking framework.

In terms of the research and development concept of Four Seasons Minfu, the first thing is whether the research and development dishes can be standardized. This standardization does not mean central kitchen distribution, but after I write the standard list, the kitchen chef can also make this dish according to this list and reach the production standard, so that it can be a good dish.

Second, does the research and development of dishes meet the efficiency requirements of chain restaurant enterprises? The process of dishes should not be too complicated. If a dish needs thirty or forty or even fifty or sixty processes, it will inevitably affect the efficiency of kitchen dishes and not adapt to the turnover rate of chain restaurants.

Third, do R&D dishes have brand symbols? The positioning of Four Seasons Minfu is roast duck and Beijing cuisine, and the dishes are limited to a certain extent. For example, dishes with obvious labels such as Cantonese cuisine and Huaiyang cuisine must not be cooked. We need to develop our own dishes, which make people look like the dishes of the four seasons.

Traditional shredded chicken skin

How to develop dishes with the symbol of four seasons’ people’s happiness? We start from four aspects: reference, integration, innovation and improvement. First of all, improve on the basis of traditional dishes, because old dishes have roots and culture, and we should combine them with modern people’s eating habits. For example, most people nowadays don’t like food that is too greasy and salty, which is novel in collocation and beautiful in plate. Take shredded chicken vermicelli as an example. It is a traditional dish in old Beijing, but because it is time-consuming and expensive, ordinary restaurants are reluctant to sell it. We change the sample into small portions one by one, and the dishes are exquisite and beautiful, and the technology and taste are traditional. However, due to its complicated procedures, the pricing will be higher, so that on the one hand, it can match the cost, on the other hand, it can also control the order quantity. If the order quantity is too much, it will affect the kitchen efficiency.

Let’s talk about reference. We will learn from other cuisines, such as duck intestines with saliva, duck intestines with the symbol of four seasons’ happiness, and the taste of Sichuan cuisine with saliva juice, but we will reduce the oil content, use only its spicy and hemp, and choose pepper and green pepper to adjust the spicy taste. The sales volume of this dish is good. The Shanghai store just opened one day and sold 50 or 60 copies. Usually, a store sells 20 or 30 copies, and the customer satisfaction is also very high. This is a dish of reference and integration.

Duck Intestines with Chili Sauce

Be cautious under the epidemic.

The operating state of a restaurant can be seen from the mental outlook of its employees. I once visited the kitchen of Four Seasons People’s Happiness, and the chef who met me greeted me or smiled back. When the aunt in the kitchen saw a stain, she wiped it with a semi-dry mop. This will not happen overnight. At the end of each month, Cui Baohua will go to each store for inventory assessment, grade the stores, conduct KPI assessment on employees, and set the salary and bonus for that month. This is also an opportunity for managers to directly contact the front line, so as to understand the operation of each store, find problems and make timely adjustments. Repeated outbreaks have had a great impact on the operation of Four Seasons Minfu. One month, the turnover dropped by 50%, thanks to the potential energy accumulated by the brand for a long time, and it can withstand the pressure.

However, Cui Baohua admits that if the epidemic situation continues this year, it will not be ruled out that some stores in poor operating conditions will be closed, which is based on a rational business strategy. At the same time, the plan to open a store will continue, but it will be slower and more cautious, choosing a good business district in Beijing and expanding the Shanghai market with greater development potential.

The epidemic is certainly short-lived, so we should have long-term thinking and be optimistic about the future. In the past two years, we have faced the same problem as everyone else: how to solve the employee’s salary when the gross profit margin drops or even there is no income? Do you want to make takeout? In fact, everyone’s ideas are right. At any time, every enterprise has its reasons for making decisions.

Our thoughts are: first, you can’t change the big environment. When the store is busy, because of the large passenger flow in the restaurant, the service and products will make customers dissatisfied. When the epidemic rebounds, we are not so busy. What we can do is to ensure the satisfaction of the customers in the store. When you produce a set of products, you must ensure that the customer experience is good.

Second, you can’t decide the market. What we have to do is to train the people in the team. In the past, you might have been busy, so you didn’t have time to practice. Now is an opportunity, so you can practice your basic skills and further optimize your service process. We have arranged a lot of study for our employees.

Although corporate profits have declined, we will not make big moves, such as layoffs, price increases, take-away food, etc., as long as the company can’t bear it, at least not yet.

Rational development of supply chain based on stores

The development of Four Seasons Minfu supply chain is centered on the demand of stores. At first, it was just a small kitchen, producing standardized sauces and cold dishes, and then with the expansion of enterprise scale, a central kitchen and a roast duck distribution base were established. Cui Baohua said that they are still in the stage of groping and learning about the supply chain, and have produced the first fried sauce product. In the future, new retail may become the development focus of the supply chain sector.

Four Seasons Minfu was founded 14 years ago. At present, there are 20 stores. As a chain restaurant, it is slow to go. Chinese dinner track is not suitable for rapid replication and expansion. In the past two years, we have been making internal adjustments in management system, personnel training, equity mode adjustment and supply chain. Because our Chinese food chain model has developed to more than seven or eight stores, the biggest difficulty is the unstable quality. Chinese food is particularly difficult and cannot be solved by simple standardization. We have been standardizing Chinese food since we started our business in 2008. Every product is prepared in a standardized way before the meal. Even so, there are still many unstable points.

Supply chain and central kitchen are the keys to the stability of chain restaurants, but they also bring a contradiction: how to balance the relationship between standardization and personalized taste? After standardization, guests feel that your food is not delicious and has no past flavor. In this process, we should consider the trade-off between standardization and personalization. If it is not handled well, it is likely to be standardized and fast, but the passenger flow is lost and even eliminated by the market. Therefore, in the end, it will fall to products, and management should serve your business.

Golden garlic sweet and sour large yellow croaker

The cold dishes of Four Seasons Minfu are basically distributed by the central factory, and mixing and loading in the store will not affect the taste. However, most of the hot dishes are cooked in stores, and only standard sauces are prepared. The chef takes the materials, cuts and cooks them according to the SOP. For example, in kung pao chicken, all the shops cut, marinate and stir-fry now, which is better than the central kitchen cutting and salting.

We may also subtract the standardized products of the central kitchen in the future and try to restore them to the store. Otherwise, once the taste becomes "staple goods" and it tastes obviously industrialized, the happiness of the four seasons may come to an end.

When everyone is on the way to chef and standardization, we just can’t follow the crowd. We should pay attention to and follow up the trend, but we can’t follow it without thinking. Finally, if you lose your core competitiveness and your personality, you will easily be eliminated by the market.

Now I’m talking to Cui Baohua about the goals, all of which are related to the well-being of the people in the four seasons. They insist on deepening the store, slowly and steadily, and do their best to ensure the quality of products and customer satisfaction. With the growth of the enterprise, Cui Baohua has also become a generalist, and everything should be handled in R&D, production, safety and operation. At work, he is a down-to-earth doer; In life, he is a man who loves literature and art. He likes to watch exhibitions, travel and shoot and record the little things in his life. After more than 20 years as a cook, Cui Baohua can be said to have "accomplished something" in Beijing. The times make heroes, and heroes make times.

Proofreading | Yujin

Editor | Chu Hongke

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Original title: "People Cui Baohua: What is the traffic password of Four Seasons Minfu"

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Our reporter, Ye Bihua, reports from Guangzhou

   
On April 11, Nongfu Spring, which was pushed to the forefront of the trend by the standard controversy, suddenly launched an attack, directly denouncing the recent series of attacks on Nongfu Spring as being planned behind the scenes by rival China Resources Yibao.

   
"As a state-controlled drinking water company, it is regrettable that it uses public fears about food safety and environmental pollution as a marketing tool to target competitors and expand market share," Nongfu Spring said in a statement on its official Weibo account.

As of this writing, China Resources Yibao has not made any response to this.

   
In the first three quarters of 2012, among the top four sales of drinking water in bottles (cans) in China, Nongfu Spring ranked first in the country with a market share of 35%, leaving behind the second-placed Master Kong by 19 percentage points. But at the same time, a series of negatives such as "Water Source Gate", "Fake Donation Gate" and "Arsenic Gate" have been surrounding this drinking water market leader. Just recently, some media reported that Nongfu Spring’s standard is not as good as tap water, which once again triggered the public to rethink the drinking water source.

standard doubt

   
On April 8, some media exposed that Nongfu Spring used "DB33/383" Zhejiang local standards in the three major water sources of Wanlv Lake in Guangdong, Qiandao Lake in Zhejiang and Danjiangkou in Hubei, which is far lower than the "DB44/116-2000" Guangdong standard. Nongfu Spring is suspected of avoiding the use of standards. At the same time, Nongfu Spring also participated in the formulation of Zhejiang standards.

   
According to our understanding, compared with the Guangdong standard, the Zhejiang standard used by Nongfu Spring has twice the tolerance content of cadmium, arsenic and other harmful substances than the Guangdong standard. The Zhejiang standard tolerates the existence of fungi such as mold and yeast, while the Guangdong standard is "not detectable".

   
Subsequently, some media quoted Zhou Xiaolin, director of the Food Supervision and Administration Department of the Zhejiang Provincial Quality Supervision Bureau, as justifying the matter. According to the report, Zhou Xiaolin showed reporters the national standard GB19298-2003, the Zhejiang Provincial Standard DB33/383-2005 and the Guangdong Provincial Standard DBS44/001-2011, and said that the microbial indicators in these three standards are exactly the same.

   
But in fact, the national standard of "Bottle (Barrel) Drinking Water Hygiene Standards" mentioned by Zhou Xiaolin has been revised in January and September 2008, and the revised national standard is stricter than the Zhejiang standard. With the continuous fermentation of public opinion, Nongfu Spring finally responded to various doubts on the 11th.

   
"The arsenic and cadmium levels in Nongfu Spring products are below the detection limits, and the levels are so low that they cannot be detected. Mold and yeast are also undetectable." In its statement, Nongfu Spring did not provide a detailed explanation of the standard issue, but turned its attention to competitors. "We have reason to believe that the recent series of reports against Nongfu Spring are deliberately planned, and behind the scenes is the state-controlled drinking water company, China Resources Yibao."

Benchmarking Yibao

   
In the statement, Nongfu Spring cited negative online media coverage of its products since March 15, as well as a series of marketing campaigns by rival China Resources Yibao, and claimed that competitors had hired personnel in Hunan, Guangdong, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei and other places, and distributed articles attacking Nongfu Spring door-to-door to retail stores and consumers.

   
Luo Tan, president of the Guangdong Bottled Drinking Water Industry Association, told our reporter that Nongfu Spring is currently at the forefront of the bottled water market in the country, especially in the East China base camp, and has an absolute advantage. But in southern China, Nongfu Spring has to face competition from brands such as Yibao, Jingtian, Yili, and Watsons. Among them, Nongfu Spring and Yibao have the most intense competition in the Shenzhen market.

According to our understanding, the main product of farmers’ bottled water
At present, the price of 550ML in Guangzhou supermarkets is about 1.2-1 yuan, while in Shenzhen supermarkets in recent months has maintained 1.8-1 yuan/bottle, the price is close to the main competitor Yibao.

   
"Farmers seven or eight years ago had relatively good price maintenance, but with the rise of Master Kong and competition from other brands, farmers in southern China had to cut prices in exchange for market share," a drinking water company executive told the Financial Times on condition of anonymity.

   
According to it, the total bottled water market in Shenzhen rose by 11% last year compared with 2011, of which Nongfu Spring rose by 45%, and Nongfu’s bottled water market share in Shenzhen also jumped from 9% in 2011 to 12% in 2012.

   
China Resources Entrepreneurship (00291.HK), the parent company of Ipoh, reported last year that although it benefited from the rapid growth of sales and turnover of Ipoh pure water in Guangdong, Hunan, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Guangxi and Fujian, the total sales volume of the company’s beverage business in 2012 increased by 33% compared with the previous year to about 3507,000 kilolitres, with a turnover of 47.66 million Hong Kong dollars, an increase of 53.1% year-on-year, but the profit attributable to it decreased by 31.7% compared with 2011 to 86 million Hong Kong dollars.

   
The above-mentioned water company executives believe that the profit margins in the bottled water industry are currently very low, and for most brands, it is impossible to continue the downward price war.

Water source dilemma

   
From the original "Water Source Gate", "Fake Donation Gate", "Arsenic Gate", to the current "Standard Gate", water sources have always been the main aspect of Nongfu Spring’s criticism by the outside world. If the price cannot be beaten by Master Kong, the drinking water market can only go up the high-end route, and there are a variety of claims such as natural pure water and mineral water, but in the end, water sources are the commanding heights of major enterprises.

   
At present, the three main water sources of Nongfu Spring (Wanlu Lake in Guangdong, Qiandao Lake in Zhejiang, and Danjiangkou in Hubei) are basically lake water, which belongs to surface water. Nongfu Spring adopts the direct canning method, which is physically filtered according to certain standards (usually activated carbon and sand cans). If the water contains heavy metals, it cannot be filtered, and can only be controlled by the water quality of the water source itself.

   
"But from a natural science perspective, the control of lake and reservoir water has limitations." The above-mentioned water company executives believe that the so-called water source protection area is just a series of mandatory protection measures taken by the state for it. Compared with other water sources, the protection of water sources is much greater, but it does not mean that this water source is completely controlled.

   
In the opinion of the above-mentioned water company executives, it is already very difficult to find high-quality water sources, and even more difficult is how to maintain the water sources later.

   
"So far, the state’s supervision of agriculture has not been able to avoid the use of chemicals that affect human health, and these chemicals will gather in the catchment area with natural rainfall, so basically, if the unit that uses these water sources can control the safety of the water source 100%, I think this is a bit too much, it is impossible to do this," the water company executive said frankly.

   
Previously, some media went to the Danjiangkou Reservoir to investigate and found that there were all kinds of domestic waste on the shore around the water intake point of Nongfu Spring, but the staff of Nongfu Spring Factory said that the domestic waste had little impact on the water quality, just like "the sand in the rice".

On May 15, the Association for Operating System of Intelligent Road Side (AIR), jointly sponsored by the Society of Automotive Engineers of China, Beijing Car Network Technology Development Co., Ltd., Baidu, Tsinghua University Intelligent Connected Vehicle and Transportation Research Center, Tsinghua University Intelligent Industry Research Institute (AIR), and Beijing Zhiyuan Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, was officially established in Beijing and released the Intelligent Network Connected Road Side Operating System (ZLOS) 1.0 for the industry. As a key part of connecting cars to the cloud, "ZLOS 1.0" will build a unified technology and data base for high-level autonomous driving and smart transportation.

Zhilu OS 1.0 is officially upgraded and released for the industry

Beijing officially established the Beijing High-level Autonomous Driving Demonstration Zone in September 2020. In the application practice of intelligent networking and high-level autonomous driving, the concept of vehicle-road cloud integration has been verified, and existing problems have also been found. One of the outstanding problems is that in the process of roadside system construction, due to the non-decoupling of software and hardware, there are huge difficulties in subsequent transplantation of new functions, deployment of third-party apps, and expansion of roadside application services. The industry is also facing innovation thresholds such as decentralized construction, market decentralization, and management decentralization. The industry urgently needs unified macro-planning and architecture design to build a unified technology and data base for the upstream and downstream ecology. The release of "Smart Road OS1.0" is of great significance for the construction of autonomous driving and smart transportation ecology.

Kong Lei, director of the Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee and director of the Beijing High-level Autonomous Driving Demonstration Zone Work Office, said that Beijing and the Economic Development Zone will fully support the construction of the demonstration zone and insist on promoting the implementation of the China car-road-cloud integration program. "Smart Road OS" is the basic software platform of the intelligent network-connected road-side computing unit precipitated under the overall structure of the car-road-cloud integration China program, with high-level autonomous driving technology and applications as the traction. It is of great significance in greatly reducing system costs, realizing unified software deployment management and forming a positive trend of ecological co-construction. Beijing High-level Autonomous Driving Demonstration Zone is willing to provide a city-level experimental platform for the development of intelligent network-connected road-side operating systems.

Kong Lei, director of the Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee and director of the Beijing High-level Autonomous Driving Demonstration Zone Work Office, delivered a speech

Zhang Jinhua, executive vice chairperson and secretary general of the Chinese Society of Automotive Engineers, said that the establishment of the Zhilu OS Promotion Association aims to promote the coordinated development of the standards, functions and overall process of the roadside operating system, which is crucial to promoting the high-quality development of the entire intelligent networking industry. The Society of Automotive Engineers of China will continue to deeply participate in and support the relevant work of the Zhilu OS Promotion Association, promote cross-industry collaboration of related technologies, accelerate open-source opening, and promote the application in the national demonstration area, and take the lead in commercialization.

Under the joint guidance and witness of the Equipment Industry Development Center of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the "Science and Technology Innovation China" Open Source Innovation Consortium, the Open Atomic Open Source Foundation, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology, and the Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee, the "Zhilu OS 1.0" version was officially released as the first major innovation achievement after the establishment of the Zhilu OS Promotion Association. This achievement can provide industry stakeholders with a complete vehicle-road cloud integrated development environment, framework and application examples, helping intelligent transportation system integrators, car companies, and autonomous driving technology solution providers to easily build vehicle-road collaborative autonomous driving systems and intelligent transportation applications from 0 to 1.

Li Keqiang, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and chairperson of the Zhilu OS Promotion Association, said that the realization of high-level autonomous driving cannot be separated from the support of infrastructure. To achieve true collaboration of vehicle-road cloud integration, use data to make deep-level perception predictions under certain standards and technical frameworks, and achieve effective data management, requires the joint efforts of all parties in the industry. The release of Zhilu OS Promotion Association and Zhilu OS 1.0 results is a necessary and important measure in the current industrial background. In the future, it is necessary to continue to build industry consensus, truly promote the industrialization of key technologies of roadside units, form a commercial closed loop, and promote the high-quality development of the intelligent networked automobile industry.

Zhang Yaqin, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and director of the Expert Committee of the Zhilu OS Collaboration Promotion Association, said in his speech that in the era of intelligence, ecological co-construction has become the key to winning the future, especially for the automotive and transportation industries with a long and connected industrial chain. "I think this is also the value of the Collaboration Promotion Association – adhering to the original intention of promoting the development of the industry, with open-led technical capabilities and strong industrial centripetal force, to build a new ecosystem of intelligent networking, and promote the prosperity of the intelligent networking industry."

Baidu Vice President Shang Guobin spoke as a representative of the technology core contributor

As a representative of the core contributor of technology, Shang Guobin, vice president of Baidu, said in his speech that the intelligent networking industry is in a window period of large-scale development. "Smart OS" is driven by high-level autonomous driving technology. It is a core operating system with global competitive advantage and autonomy and control. It is of great significance for building an autonomous driving and intelligent networking ecosystem. Baidu Apollo will continue to adhere to the tenet of "open capabilities, shared resources, accelerated innovation, and continuous win-win". With Smart Road as an important platform, it will open up leading technologies and practical experience to the industry, and build an efficient, innovative and win-win open-source environment.

Wang Miao, chief scientist of Baidu Intelligent Driving Business Group Vehicle Road System, interpreted the three major features and five capabilities of the "Zhilu OS 1.0" version. In terms of technical route selection, based on the practical experience of the demonstration area, "Zhilu OS" starts from the underlying chip, architecture, operating system, and algorithm, and creates autonomous and controllable key technologies in the way of "vehicle road cloud integration". On the one hand, the "Zhilu OS 1.0" version not only enhances the capabilities of the road side, but also expands the capabilities of the car side and the cloud, so that it has three characteristics: an out-of-the-box car-road collaborative sensing system, a native high-performance framework of car-road cloud homogeneity, a unified standard, and complete openness; on the other hand, the new version mainly provides industry practitioners with five core capabilities: AI middleware capabilities, map service capabilities, communication capabilities, service-oriented capabilities, and hardware abstraction capabilities.

Standard construction is an important task in the ecological construction of the operating system. Li Feng, deputy general manager of Beijing Car Network Technology Development Co., Ltd., gave a keynote speech entitled "Landing Practice, Standards First" at the press conference. The speech reviewed the development status and practical difficulties of the industry, and proposed that as the foundation and key link of ecological landing promotion, standard construction should be given priority, and the specific implementation should be promoted by "standards – ecology – practice" closed-loop.