标签： 西安夜生活桑拿论坛

The launch of "double 11" is just around the corner, and the gameplay and rules of major e-commerce platforms are also announced one after another. Judging from the activity cycle, intensity and richness, this year may be "the highest in history". This year, various platforms have "rushed to run" and greatly advanced the "double 11" promotion time. Among them, Tmall, JD.COM and Pinduoduo all chose to start their activities today (14th).

What is the investment of each platform this year? What are the new changes and new ways of playing?

▲ Photo by Xin Jingwei Chang Tao in the data map

How strong is the platform investment?

Double 11 has been in operation for 15 years since it was opened in 2009. In recent years, various "calculation problems" such as "double 11" collecting orders, reducing large sums, earning points, and endless brain-burning games have made consumers feel headache.

As an old player of double 11, Tmall said at the double 11 conference on the 12th that there are only two prices on the product interface this year: the price before discount and the price after various discounts are superimposed. Consumers only need to look at one price, so it will be easier to place an order.

Specifically, this year, Tmall still divided the activities into two waves. The first wave was from October 14 to 31, and the deposit was paid at 8: 00 on the evening of the 14 th; The second wave is from 8: 00 pm on October 31 to November 11.

Tmall said that this year’s "double 11" was the largest investment in recent years, and an additional 30 billion coupons and red envelopes will be invested on the basis of full reduction and reduction activities, and 88VIP coupons will be issued in advance at 2 pm on October 14th. It is reported that on October 14th, Tmall had 100 live broadcast rooms opened at the same time, and a total of 1 billion red envelopes were distributed.

According to the news of anchor Li Jiaqi Weibo on 12th, on 14th-15th, 500 million red envelopes will be distributed in the live broadcast room of Li Jiaqi, which can be used to pay the final payment of pre-sale and purchase spot goods.

This year’s "double 11" in JD.COM lasted from 8 pm on October 14th to November 11th. Specifically, JD.COM said that during the "double 11" period, preferential measures will be introduced, such as receiving extra subsidies from 60 yuan every day, and reducing 50 yuan for each full 300 yuan across stores. Since then, special stage, climax stage and return stage have been launched, including different nodes such as "Ten Billion Subsidy Day", "9.9 Postage Day" and "PLUS Member Day" to meet consumers’ shopping needs. In addition, we will, as always, continue to make efforts in trade-in of home appliances and subsidies for digital products.

Pinduoduo, another home appliance platform, recently released the "double 11" subsidy game. Zhongxin Jingwei learned that this year’s "double 11", Pinduoduo announced the first launch of the "Billion Coupon" campaign, and upgraded the "Billion Double Supplement" to "Super Double Supplement". In addition, Pinduoduo recently issued a new regulation in official website, which will upgrade the previous "if you buy expensive, you will lose" service to "if you buy expensive, you will lose twice" service, which will take effect on October 16th.

For consumers, there is another difference between this year’s "double 11" and the past, that is, the interconnection of payments.

On September 12th, Taobao officially announced its support for WeChat payment function, and gradually opened it to all sellers. By the end of September, WeChat Pay had been fully connected to Taobao.

According to the news of CCTV news client on September 26th, JD.COM will also access rookie express and rookie post station, which are rookie’s self-operated express brand and parcel collection site respectively. In addition, JD.COM will officially access Alipay payment, which is expected to be launched on the eve of "double 11".

Wu Jia, vice president of Alibaba Group and president of Taotian User Platform Division, said in an interview earlier that Taobao Tmall is expected to purchase the largest number of users in the history of Tmall’s "double 11" after realizing interconnection and cooperation with multiple Internet platforms. He also said that the opening of payment is the first step of cooperation between the two sides, and cooperation in traffic and other aspects will continue to deepen in the future.

In addition, Wu Jia also revealed that Jingdong Logistics is expected to access Taobao before "double 11" to provide services for users.

For a long time in the past, it was impossible to use WeChat to pay for shopping in Taobao. Now, will this huge change break the current competitive pattern of e-commerce platforms and have a greater impact on the transaction volume of double 11?

Jiang Han, a senior researcher at Pangu think tank, told Zhongxin Jingwei that from the perspective of competition, Taobao’s support for WeChat payment will break the barriers of payment methods of e-commerce platforms in the past, making consumers have more convenient and flexible choices. Secondly, it will enhance consumers’ shopping experience and convenience, which will help Taobao achieve higher sales and transaction growth during the "double 11" period.

However, Ma Jihua, an Internet analyst, believes that Taobao’s support for WeChat payment will not have a great impact on Taobao’s overall sales volume, because on Taobao platform, more users have become accustomed to Alipay, and relatively few people use WeChat to pay. However, for WeChat users, they can now directly open Taobao to go shopping, which may have a great impact on the design of Taobao’s entire promotion activities and enrich users’ purchase channels.

The longest "double 11"

Zhongxin Jingwei combed and found that lengthening shopping time has become the collective action of e-commerce this year. Among them, Taobao Tmall, JD.COM and Pinduoduo all started this year’s "double 11" activity on 14th.

Specifically, compared with last year, the biggest change in the duration of the event was the Taobao Tmall platform: the pre-sale preheating was started on the 14th, 10 days earlier than in 2023 and 2022; JD.COM is 9 days ahead of 2023 and 2022; Pinduoduo is six days ahead of schedule.

▲ Photo by Xin Jingwei Chang Tao in the data map

In terms of new e-commerce platforms, Tik Tok is the first platform to launch the "double 11" this year. Earlier, Tik Tok Platform announced that the "double 11" Good Things Festival would be held on October 8th, one week earlier than 2023.

Aauto Quicker is the first e-commerce platform to announce the "double 11" in advance this year. At the investment promotion meeting on September 19th, Aauto Quicker announced that it would enter the "double 11" warm-up period on October 16th, and it would be officially put on sale on the 18th. Compared with last year, it was two days ahead of schedule.

As a player who entered the market later, Xiaohongshu E-commerce recently announced that the "One-year and One-degree Shopping Carnival" opened on October 12 and lasted until November 11.

In this regard, some netizens said on social platforms that this year’s "double 11" is too long, and it feels almost connected with the National Day holiday. Some netizens said that "every year is ahead of schedule, and every year is the longest in history."

Why did the major platforms decide to lengthen the "double 11" campaign front this year?

Wu Jia explained: "double 11 has its own rhythm every year. It is not in advance, but we have added some content. As you can see, different content is for different consumers."

Jiang Han said that by extending the activity cycle, the platform can provide consumers with more shopping time and choices, thus increasing sales and user stickiness. In addition, it can also provide more time and space for merchants to plan and implement various promotional activities, thus enhancing market competitiveness.

In Ma Jihua’s view, the current "double 11" activity is very different from that of a few years ago. Now e-commerce companies mainly use "double 11" as a gimmick to lengthen the whole marketing cycle as far as possible, with the aim of expanding sales. In addition, in order to better promote users’ desire to buy, they can also compete with friends for traffic.

Quality live broadcast has become a new highlight of this year’s "double 11"

Recently, traffic anchors such as "Xiao Yang Ge" and "Northeast Rain Sister" have caused concern about false propaganda when they bring goods live. In this context, the industry’s call for quality live broadcast has also become a highlight of this year’s "double 11".

Recently, the Report on High-quality Development of Live E-commerce Industry (2023-2024) issued by China Institute of Metrology, China Quality Certification Center, Meiwan and other units (hereinafter referred to as the report) pointed out that live e-commerce is moving towards the development path of "quality live broadcast".

At the release site of the report, Lao Yuling, director of the E-commerce Center of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, said that in the future, the development of live broadcast e-commerce will pay more attention to the quality itself and help emerging consumption through live broadcast of quality. Among them, the head enterprises need to do a good demonstration role and drive the industry to positive energy.

Jia Luo, vice president of Ali Group and president of Tmall’s business unit, said at the Tmall double 11 conference that boosting consumption should not only expand "quantity" but also attach importance to "quality". It is necessary to promote the order transaction, "expand" the consumer market, but also pay attention to the brand and quality, and "improve" the consumption. The unique role of Tmall Double Eleven is to create more brand increments and quality increments.

At the press conference, Meng Xin, general manager of Taobao Live Shop, also said that the live e-commerce has entered a new stage of "quality live broadcast" from the entertainment red man mode, and the quality live broadcast mode of professional anchor, brand pallet and platform quality service guarantee will become the mainstream of the industry.

According to the Research Report on the Development of Network Audiovisual in China (2024), by December 2023, the total number of short video accounts in the whole network had reached 1.55 billion, and the number of professional anchors had reached 15.08 million.

It is worth mentioning that on July 31 this year, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, together with the State Administration of Market Supervision and the National Bureau of Statistics, officially released 19 new jobs to the society, including network anchors.

Not long ago, the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Commerce and other departments issued the "Three-year Action Plan for Shanghai to Promote the High-quality Development of live stream economy (2024-2026)", in which it is particularly clear that it is necessary to establish and improve high-standard industry norms and supervision mechanisms, and at the same time, it is necessary to cultivate a number of large-scale, driving and influential anchor service organizations in China to play a leading role.

At the release site of the above report, Li Tong, deputy director of the Innovation and Internet Supervision Research Department of the Development Research Center of the State Administration of Markets, said, "It is very important to build a compliance evaluation system in the live broadcast e-commerce industry. Relevant regulatory authorities should pay attention to the improvement of laws and regulations, pay attention to collaborative supervision, and give play to the organizational role of industry associations to guide the standardized operation of enterprises. At the same time, it is necessary to broadcast the self-discipline of practitioners in the e-commerce industry. "

Text: Li xiaoxuan

(Zhongxin Jingwei)

The People’s Bank of China announced on April 22nd that in order to ensure the effective implementation of the Regulation on the Supervision and Administration of Non-bank Payment Institutions (hereinafter referred to as the Regulation), the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Regulation on the Supervision and Administration of Non-bank Payment Institutions (Draft for Comment) (hereinafter referred to as the Detailed Rules) have been drafted. As the first administrative regulation issued in the financial field after the Central Financial Work Conference, the Regulations have redefined the payment business and classified it into two categories: stored value account operation and payment transaction processing. However, the specific classification method and the corresponding relationship between the old and new payment services need to be further clarified. Therefore, the Detailed Rules for Implementation aims to clarify the transitional arrangements, the connection between old and new payment services and other issues, so as to promote the smooth transition of the non-bank payment market.

Non-bank payment refers to payment services provided by non-bank institutions such as WeChat and Alipay, such as code scanning payment or transfer. According to the data of the People’s Bank of China, the business volume of such services has continued to grow at a high speed in recent years, and the annual transaction volume has exceeded 1 trillion, involving nearly 400 trillion yuan, serving more than 1 billion individual users and tens of millions of merchants. In view of the close relationship between payment business and public property safety, the "Regulations" and "Implementation Rules" aim to urge all payment institutions to operate according to laws and regulations and effectively protect users’ rights and interests.

Regarding the impact of the Implementation Rules on payment institutions, the central bank fully considered the possible impact of relevant provisions on the operation of payment institutions and the payment service market during the formulation process, and reserved sufficient transition period for existing payment institutions. At the same time, we strive to ensure that the same licensing matter follows the unified review standards and promote the openness, transparency and standardization of the administrative licensing work of payment institutions.

The specific impact is mainly reflected in:

1. Adhere to administration according to law. The Implementation Rules strictly follow the administrative licensing items set by the Regulations and refine the relevant work requirements and processes, aiming at improving the transparency, decision-making basis and process standardization of the administrative licensing work of payment institutions. In addition, the approval authority of some payment institutions will be appropriately decentralized to optimize the business environment ruled by law.

2. Insist on striving for progress while maintaining stability. The Detailed Rules for Implementation continues the previous regulatory thinking and macro-policy orientation, clarifies the connection mode between old and new payment services, and sets a long transition period, so that stock payment institutions have a transition period of nearly five years to ensure that their business license scope remains unchanged and achieve a smooth transition.

3. Adhere to both standardization and development. On the basis of giving consideration to development and safety, and according to the reality of the rapid development of the payment market, after full communication, the Implementation Rules moderately raised the requirements for registered capital and net assets, aiming at enhancing the risk resistance of payment institutions, strengthening corporate governance and steady operation, and better serving the real economy.

With regard to the registered capital requirements that have attracted much attention, Article 8 of the Regulations stipulates that the minimum registered capital of non-bank payment institutions is RMB 100 million, which will be increased according to relevant rules. Specifically, the minimum added value of registered capital of payment institutions engaged in multiple business types at the same time will be calculated cumulatively according to business types and business geographical scope and relevant regulations. This means that the minimum registered capital of a nationwide payment institution with a full license should be 400 million yuan.

[car home Huaihua Preferential Promotion Channel] There is a large-scale preferential activity in Huaihua, with the highest discount reaching 20,000 yuan, which reduces the minimum starting price of this highly anticipated SUV model to 68,900 yuan. If you are interested in this model, don’t miss this opportunity to buy a car, and click "Check the car price" in the quotation form to get a higher discount.

The exterior design of Changan Auchan X5 is full of power and movement. The front face adopts a large air intake grille, and the flying wing chrome decoration in the center is perfectly integrated with the LED headlights on both sides, giving the vehicle a high degree of recognition. The whole body line is smooth and dynamic, with sharp waistline and unique wheel hub design, creating a strong sports atmosphere. On the whole, the design of Changan Auchan X5 is not only fashionable and avant-garde, but also has a very high visual impact.

Changan Auchan X5 has a body size of 4490*1860*1580mm and a wheelbase of 2710mm, providing spacious interior space. The lines on the side of the car are smooth and dynamic. With 18-inch rims, the tyre size is 225/50 R18, showing a fashionable and sporty visual effect.

The interior of Changan Auchan X5 adopts modern and simple design style, which brings comfortable and pleasant driving experience to passengers. The steering wheel is made of leather, which feels delicate and supports manual adjustment up and down to meet the needs of different drivers. The center console is equipped with a 10.25-inch central control screen, which supports a variety of functional operations and provides convenience for drivers. The seat is made of leather/fabric mixed material. The main seat has the functions of front and rear adjustment, backrest adjustment and height adjustment (2-way), while the auxiliary seat has the functions of front and rear adjustment and backrest adjustment, which brings passengers a comfortable riding experience. The rear seats support proportional tilting, which increases the space flexibility of the trunk. In addition, the car is also equipped with USB and Type-C interfaces, which is convenient for passengers to charge devices such as mobile phones.

Changan Auchan X5 is equipped with a 1.5T 188 horsepower L4 engine with a maximum power of 138kW and a maximum torque of 300 N m.. The engine cooperates with the 7-speed wet dual-clutch gearbox, which provides excellent power output and smooth shifting experience for the vehicle.

In their evaluation of Changan Auchan X5, car home car owners especially mentioned its sports style and youthful appearance design. He pointed out that the side design of the car has the style of a sports car, the external work is solid, the paint material is thick, and the reflector not only supports electric adjustment, but also has heating function. The outstanding performance in these details undoubtedly adds a lot of highlights to Changan Auchan X5.

The Maybach S480, a supercar that combines luxury, comfort, performance and smart technology, has a body length of 5.47 meters, and the rear door is designed to be particularly wide, providing a spacious and comfortable ride space for the rear passengers. However, this design also brings certain inconveniences, especially when opening and closing the door. Due to the large size and heavy weight of the rear door, passengers often need to extend their arms to reach the door handle, which affects the convenience of getting on and off to a certain extent.

In order to further enhance the passenger’s comfort experience, in this issue, Maikaku Lao Liu will introduce to you how this 2024 Maybach S480 luxury sedan is upgraded to the original electric rear door.

The innovative design of Maybach S480 electric rear door not only solves the inconvenience of manually opening and closing the door, but also highlights Maybach’s extreme pursuit of quality and deep insight into passenger needs in detail.

To achieve the upgrade of the original electric rear door, it is not as simple as installing equipment, but requires a comprehensive transformation of the entire door system.

The doors on both sides need to be replaced with high-end drive motors and lock blocks that support the electric rear door, and the control module of the electric door should be installed in the reserved position of the door.

At the same time, physical control switches are installed on both sides of the rear roof. These switches are not only exquisitely designed, but also easy to operate, making it easy to realize the function of electric opening and closing.

The upgraded original electric rear door brings unprecedented convenience and prestige to the 2024 Maybach S480. Specifically, the electric rear door can be switched on and off in a variety of ways. The central control screen in the front row can control the switches of the two rear doors at the same time, making the operation simple and intuitive.

The rear two multimedia entertainment screens also have the function of controlling the rear door switch, allowing passengers to complete the operation with a single swipe.

In addition to the button switch, display screen, and rear entertainment screen control, the electric backdoor can also be switched on and off by means of remote control keys and gesture control, which can be operated remotely and controlled by multiple people in multiple ways, which not only enhances the sense of technology but also increases the fun of use.

The upgrade of the original electric rear door of Maybach S480 is undoubtedly another major improvement to the comfort and convenience of the vehicle. This innovative design not only solves the inconvenience of manually opening and closing the door, but also highlights Maybach’s ultimate pursuit of quality and deep insight into passenger needs in details.

　　The three oil crises of the 1970s and 1990s profoundly changed the industrial structure of the automotive powerhouses in Europe and the US. But they also represented opportunities. If there was only one winner in this far-reaching series of historical events, it was Japanese cars.

　　Before the oil crisis, although Japanese cars had an export layout in overseas markets, their share was always small. At the same time, the inherent impressions of Europeans and Americans such as counterfeit products, quality and low grade always lingered on the top of Japanese cars. However, after the oil crisis, Western consumers had to accept the reality, and Japanese cars ushered in the trend of going global.

　　Taking advantage of the opportunity of the oil crisis, Japanese cars eventually became an important pole of the global automobile industry. But in addition to the impact of objective events now known as "black swans", the subjective initiative of the Japanese automobile industry is also worthy of future memories. Freezing three feet is not a day’s cold, the formation of an automobile industrial country is the main reason.

　　Growing up in war

　　The original Japanese auto industry was born in the 1930s, 30-50 years later than the developed countries in Europe and the United States. At that time, the Japanese market was dominated by American cars, and giants such as General Motors and Ford established assembly plants in the country. Later, factories such as Toyota and Datsun (the predecessor of Nissan) created the first cars produced by Japanese companies by reverse-copying European and American models such as Chevrolet, Chrysler, and Austin.

　　At the same time, in order to encourage the production of autonomous vehicles, the Japanese government also promulgated the "Automobile Manufacturing Business Law", which stipulates that companies that produce more than 3,000 cars a year must be approved by the government, and more than half of the shares must be owned by local companies. However, the Great Depression that swept the world at the time brought the fledgling Japanese automakers to the brink of bankruptcy.

　　At this time, they were saved by a full-scale war of aggression launched by Japanese militarism. The early Japanese car companies were transformed into arsenal factories that started the war machine, but they were also quickly dealt a heavy blow by the defeat of the war. After the end of World War II, Japan, a defeated country, was devastated by society and economy, and its fledgling automobile industry was also on the verge of destruction.

　　In this context, the Japanese government, which had just announced its unconditional surrender, still called together the few car companies at the time, demonstrating the government’s support for the auto industry. On the other hand, the United States, out of consideration against the Soviet camp, stationed troops in Japan and began to support Japan’s economy. Especially during the Korean War, the US military provided a large number of military truck orders to the nearest Japan, allowing Japanese car companies that were struggling after the war to quickly recover. For Japanese cars, this also provides an opportunity for them to open up the US market in the future.

　　In order to make up for the lack of resources during the economic difficulties, the Japanese government began to encourage the production of short-wheelbase and small-displacement cars through preferential policies such as tax reduction, resulting in the series of cars known as K-Cars. These economical and practical cars not only quickly popularized cars in postwar Japanese households, but also laid the foundation for the subsequent industrial upgrading of Japanese cars. With the support of policies, the number of car companies in Japan after the war rapidly increased from single digits to nearly 30.

　　Since the 1950s, the Japanese government has promulgated the "Basic Guidelines for the Introduction of Foreign Investment in Passenger Vehicles", and began to continuously introduce technology to developed countries in Europe, America, and Japan’s car companies have successively established cooperative relations with overseas auto giants. In 1950, Toyota’s then president, Eiji Toyoda, made a special trip to Detroit to inspect Ford’s factories; Nissan’s predecessor, Datsun, officially purchased the patents of Austin in the United Kingdom in 1952 and assembled cars in Japan in the form of CKD. Austin provided technical assistance to Datsun. In addition, cooperation between Hino and French Renault, Mitsubishi and Chevrolet of the United States is also developing.

　　By the early 1960s, Japanese car companies had completed the original accumulation of technology, and the annual production and sales of domestic cars exceeded 400,000. In November 1963, Japan further established the automobile industry as a strategic industry at the Industrial Structure Review Conference. From the 1950s to the 1970s, Japan has introduced more than 400 technologies from developed countries in Europe, America and other countries.

　　However, while absorbing technology, the Japanese government has also implemented measures such as tariffs and foreign exchange controls to protect the domestic automobile industry, and implemented them through legislation such as the Enterprise Rationalization Promotion Law and the Machinery Industry Revitalization Temporary Measures Law. The tariff barrier for imported automobiles was once as high as 40%. And the penetration of foreign capital into Japanese automobile companies is also strictly guarded.

　　In addition to government support, the improvement of technology, quality and management by Japanese automakers at that time also greatly improved the quality of Japanese cars. For example, the Toyota production method, which has far-reaching impact on future generations, was born in the early 1950s. And some classic models that continue to this day, such as Toyota Crown, Corolla, Nissan Bluebird, Honda Civic, etc., were also introduced one after another in the 1950s and 1960s.

　　In addition, in order to strengthen the overall quality of Japanese cars and eliminate uncompetitive enterprises, under the leadership of the Japanese government, Japanese cars carried out a series of mergers in the 1960s, reducing the number of highly competitive 30 to about 10, which increased the concentration of the industry.

　　By 1970, the annual sales of Japanese cars had reached 4.10 million, 10 times that of the early 1960s, and the number of cars owned by 1,000 people had risen from 14 in 1960 to about 170.

　　After all, the local market demand in Japan is limited. At the same time as the rapid growth of the industry, Japanese car companies are also trying to export. However, throughout the 1960s, Japanese cars were mainly aimed at the third world countries in South America and South East Asia. The best-selling models in Japan, such as the Toyota Crown, were also exported to the United States, but sales were also very low because they did not meet the needs of American consumers.

　　It was not until the arrival of the first oil crisis that Japanese cars were "a blessing in disguise" and really went to the world, especially major automobile consumer markets such as Europe, America and others.

　　blessing in disguise

　　In 1970, at the call of American social environmentalists at that time, the US government introduced the "Air Purification Act" (Musky Act), which stipulated that after five years, cars emitted only one-tenth of the pollutants. This bill undoubtedly dealt a heavy blow to the three American giants that were popular at that time, but it provided an opportunity for Japanese cars to further open up the US market.

　　In 1972, the CVCC engine developed by Honda became the first engine to comply with the Musky Act and quickly gained popularity in the United States.

　　In October 1973, shortly after the outbreak of the Fourth Middle East War, the United States publicly sided with Israel and provided it with $2.20 billion in military aid. In order to sanction the United States and the West, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) began to implement a series of production cuts and oil embargoes. After the war, the oil exporting countries continued to cut production by more than 10% and pushed to raise the price of oil from $3 per barrel to $13, which was the first oil crisis.

　　The oil crisis dealt a heavy blow to the developed automobile industry in Europe and the United States. During this period, global automobile production fell from nearly 40 million to 33 million. Car consumers in Europe and the United States had to give up their favorite large-displacement cars and performance cars in favor of affordable small-displacement cars. The auto giants were also forced to abandon their original production plans for large cars.

　　Throughout the 1970s, Japan’s domestic auto market ended a period of rapid growth, with sales increasing from 4.10 million to 5 million. After the shock, Japan launched a new energy technology development plan in 1974, and introduced an industrial policy to reduce energy consumption, focusing on the development and promotion of energy-saving technologies and equipment. Later, the Energy Conservation Law was introduced to restrain it.

　　But at the same time, Japan’s industrial structure dominated by small-displacement vehicles has allowed Japanese cars to find opportunities to break through overseas. Although the previous Japanese cars were scorned by many Europeans and Americans because of their brands, more people began to choose cars with better fuel economy due to the economic pressure caused by fuel consumption. At this time, in addition to affordable prices, Japanese cars have made great progress in technology and production management. In the past, the stereotype of counterfeit products and inferior quality in the eyes of Westerners was changed. Coupled with the good relations between Japan and the United States, Japanese cars soon became popular in the American market.

　　In 1975, Japan’s domestic automobile production exceeded 7 million for the first time; by 1977, Japan’s automobile exports had reached 4.35 million, three times more than in 1970; the proportion of exported automobiles in total automobile production skyrocketed from 20% in 1970 to more than 50%.

　　The shadow of the first oil crisis has not yet dissipated. With the outbreak of the Islamic Revolution in Iran and the Iran-Iraq War, the second oil crisis followed in the early 1980s, with oil prices rising from $14 per barrel to nearly $40. Global car sales fell for four consecutive years during the crisis, from 42 million to less than 39 million.

　　This time, however, Japan’s increasingly mature auto industry has achieved greater success. During the second oil crisis, Japan’s domestic automobile production exceeded 10 million and 11 million in a row, and its exports exceeded 6 million for the first time. In 1980, Japanese automobiles surpassed the United States for the first time to become the world’s largest.

　　The most important reason why Japanese cars can overtake American cars is the continued "attack" on the US market. During the second oil crisis, the production of American cars fell from 11 million to 8 million. In contrast, from 1978 to 1980, the number of Japanese car exports to the United States increased from 1.50 million to nearly 2 million, and the sales reached 2.40 million. The proportion of imported cars in the United States reached 80%, and the share of Japanese cars in the US market was as high as 20%.

　　The real crisis

　　Japan’s economic take-off and the strength of Japanese cars in the US market have threatened the US government and automakers. Under the impact of Japanese cars, American giants such as GM, Ford, and Chrysler have laid off more than 220,000 workers. The United Auto Workers (UAW) even broke out a campaign to smash Japanese cars.

　　Under pressure from the United States, after negotiations between Japan and the United States, an agreement on independent restrictions on Japanese exports of cars to the United States was formed in 1981, which stipulated that the export scale of Japanese cars to the US market in subsequent years was limited to 1.68 million cars in 1981-1983, 1.85 million cars in 1984, 2.30 million cars in 1985 and 1986, and then dropped to about 2 million cars in subsequent years.

　　At the same time, Japanese automakers began to choose to set up factories or joint ventures in the US market to avoid policy restrictions. After 1982, Honda, Nissan, Toyota, and Mazda successively established factories in the United States. In addition, joint ventures between Toyota and General Motors, Mitsubishi and Chrysler were also established during this period.

　　On the other hand, under the premise of limited sales, Japanese cars to improve brand perception and increase profitability, Honda, Toyota, Nissan and other leading companies have launched high-end models for the needs of North American consumers, Acura, Lexus and Infiniti were born in this period.

　　As a result, despite the decrease in imports, the profits of Japanese automakers have actually increased due to the high-priced luxury cars produced in the United States. With the outbreak of the Gulf War, the third oil crisis came. In the 1990s, the world’s car production decreased from nearly 50 million to 47 million, but Japan’s domestic car production approached 13.50 million, and sales reached a historical peak of 7.77 million. In addition, Japan’s overseas car production also exceeded 3 million for the first time, and the proportion of Japanese cars in the world rose to nearly 40%.

　　However, luck has not always favored Japanese cars. Since the Plaza Accord in 1985, Japan’s domestic economic bubble burst due to the appreciation of the yen, which ushered in the "lost decade", and Japan’s domestic car production and sales have also slipped from their peak and began to decline year by year.

　　Under the policy protection of domestic enterprises and the continuous suppression of Japanese cars. In 1994, American cars regained the first place in the global market. In 1995, the US government further announced a 100% tariff on luxury cars from Japan. The following year, Japanese car exports fell directly to 3.71 million, a decrease of 45% compared with the 1985 Plaza Agreement.

　　Faced with the difficulties caused by economic stagnation, Japanese automakers are not sitting still. In order to continue to cater to the industry trend of energy conservation and emission reduction, Japanese automakers continue to develop engine technologies with stronger fuel economy. In 1997, the Toyota Prius based on THS hybrid technology was launched, and it became the best-selling model in North America again in the early 21st century. Later, the Honda i-MMD and Nissan e-Power were launched one after another, and the Japanese hybrid once again played a brand effect in the global market.

　　In addition, while the US market is encountering bottlenecks, Japanese automakers are also continuously providing growth impetus by expanding into more overseas markets and increasing their emphasis on the emerging Chinese market. Entering the 21st century, Nissan, Toyota, Honda, Mazda, Mitsubishi and Suzuki have successively established joint venture factories in China, and have continuously introduced overseas best-selling models into domestic production and sales.

　　Today, Japanese cars still have a 30% market share worldwide. Toyota is still the world’s largest automaker, with Honda and Renault-allied Nissan also in the top 10. In the United States, Toyota surpassed General Motors for the first time last year. In the Chinese market, the share of Japanese cars that came from behind has also reached more than 20%, which is on par with Germany. The value retention rate of mainstream Japanese brands is also among the best in China.

　　Take a look.

　　The rise of Japanese automobiles has been regarded by many in the industry as a model for the development of Chinese automobiles. For example, the Japanese government’s protection of local automobile companies and the control of the shareholding ratio of joint ventures, as well as the policy support for the production of small-displacement automobiles, have been used for reference by the Chinese automobile industry that has fully emerged after the reform and opening up.

　　In addition, the experience of Japanese cars expanding overseas markets and gradually going global 60 years ago is also similar to the aggressive route of today’s leading Chinese independent brands. At present, Chinese independent brands are exporting small cars to developing countries in Southeast Asia and the Middle East in the early years, and turning to more regional markets. Even Europe exports some mid-to-high-end models and new energy vehicles, and sells back some cars produced by European and American automakers in China to the mainland.

　　However, there are still significant differences in the automobile development environment and era background between Japan and China.

　　Japan is an island country with relatively few natural resources, and it relies almost entirely on imports for the basic energy that supports the automobile industry, which is also the inherent disadvantage of the rise of Japanese cars. On the contrary, China not only has rich land resources, but also has the largest population and the largest market in the world.

　　In today’s world, a series of black swan events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, Sino-US trade, and the situation in Russia and Ukraine have seriously impacted the world economy and the process of globalization. The shadow of previous oil crises still hangs over the heads of major countries. Although China is rich in resources, it is as dependent on oil imports as Japan. Getting rid of dependence on oil and reducing carbon emissions has become the consensus of major automobile industrial countries.

　　The oil crisis of the 1970s and 1990s had the greatest impact on the automobile industry because of the irreplaceability of petroleum energy. However, with the development of technology, new energy vehicles led by electricity began to show a substitute role for fuel vehicles. Therefore, the development of new energy vehicles, which is the trend of overtaking cars in China’s car corners, has been formulated as a national policy by our country. At present, China has been the world’s largest new energy vehicle market for seven consecutive years, accounting for more than half of the global share. The overtaking of traditional fuel vehicles in Europe and the United States 50 years ago by Japanese cars is now being recreated by China’s automobile industry.

　　On the 11th, the reporter learned from the Shanghai Consumer Protection Committee that it disclosed ten typical problems of consumer complaints in 2020, including social hot issues such as appliance repair, low-price trap and live broadcast.

　　First, unscrupulous merchants counterfeit home appliance brand official website, and consumers are charged high maintenance fees.

　　Consumers are generally used to inquiring about the maintenance telephone number and official website of brand household appliances on the Internet, but it is easy to find some fake brand official website whose domain name and brand name are very similar in online search. Once you call the page to ask for home maintenance, you will be charged a high maintenance fee.

　　Shanghai Consumer Protection Committee:Relevant Internet companies, especially online platforms, should strengthen the audit of the promoted projects, strictly implement the main responsibility of enterprises, and actively explore the fair mechanism of replacing bidding ranking with integrity. At the same time, consumers are also reminded: First, check whether the website is publicized by ICP, and check the relevant ICP filing information through the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology to identify whether it is a regular website; Second, when inquiring about home appliance repair enterprises, you can log in to the column of "Consumer Protection Committee Helps You" in "www.315.sh.cn" of Consumer Protection Committee in official website; The third is to verify the identity information of on-site service personnel before maintenance, and clarify the specific charging items and service standards; After maintenance, ask for documents and formal invoices in time.

　　Second, the low-cost experience is tempted to enter the game, and consumers encounter many routines.

　　Some merchants sell and display related services to consumers on short video platforms by making exquisite videos, and attract consumers at low prices. Once the consumer contacts the merchant, the other party first asks the consumer to pay a very low price, then increases the price layer by layer, and finally charges the consumer a high fee. This kind of low-cost experience routine is more prominent in many service fields such as photography and moving.

　　Shanghai Consumer Protection Committee:business operatorOperate in good faith according to law, abide by business ethics and assume social responsibilities;Related industriesStrengthen self-regulation and self-restraint, and work hard for the long-term stable and sustainable development of the industry;Related short video platformStrictly review the advertisements in the businesses, and set up convenient consumer feedback channels to regularly clean up illegal businesses. At the same time, it also reminds consumers to keep a clear head about low-price sales, rationally consume according to their own consumption power, and timely report to the Consumer Protection Committee or the administrative department about the situation of merchants’ induced and routine consumption afterwards.

　　Third, the live broadcast of goods is mixed, and the norms are strengthened first to help consumers protect.

　　Nowadays, live broadcast with goods is very common, and low price has become the biggest selling point to attract consumers in live broadcast rooms. The live broadcast of goods is mixed, and cheap and good quality is also likely to be a gimmick.

　　Shanghai Consumer Protection Committee:Remind consumers: First, choose a platform with large scale and high credibility, and carefully check the publicity information of merchants who have settled in the platform as sellers; Second, don’t blindly believe the anchor’s propaganda commitment, avoid impulsive consumption, and raise doubts in the live broadcast room in time; The third is to take screenshots in time to save business publicity information, publicity promises, chat records, shopping records, etc., and complain to relevant departments or consumer protection committees in a timely manner when problems arise.

　　Fourth, the express terminal delivery service is not standardized, and there are shortcomings in the management of franchise mode.

　　In 2020, Shanghai Consumer Protection Committee accepted a total of 475 complaints from Shanghai Yunda Freight Co., Ltd., and a large number of consumer conflicts focused on the delivery service at the end of the franchise point, involving the loss of express delivery without the consent of consumers, and the abandonment of express delivery at the door without the consent of consumers. Individual consumers reported that they were also abused by company staff during the communication process.

　　Shanghai Consumer Protection Committee:The "Provisional Regulations on Express Delivery" clearly stipulates: "An enterprise engaged in express delivery business shall deliver the express mail to the agreed address, the recipient or the agent designated by the recipient, and inform the recipient or the agent to accept it in person. The recipient or agent has the right to face-to-face acceptance. " Here, Shanghai Consumer Protection Committee urges express delivery companies to take practical and effective measures to fulfill express delivery service contracts according to law. At the same time, it also reminds consumers to complain to the postal department or the Consumer Protection Committee in time when they encounter related problems, and work together to build an orderly and worry-free express consumption environment.

　　Five, hotel accommodation, entertainment tickets are pre-sold at low prices, and it is difficult for consumers to make an appointment and refund.

　　Nowadays, many enterprises sell hotel accommodation or entertainment ticketing products at low prices through WeChat WeChat official account and mobile App. After purchasing, consumers need to make an appointment in advance to use them. However, some consumers will encounter repeated unsuccessful appointments and blocked applications for refunds.

　　Shanghai Consumer Protection Committee:Protecting consumers’ right to know and choose is very important for pre-sale products. It is suggested that relevant enterprises: First, clearly inform consumers of the sales quantity of products, the actual number of available reservations, the reservation dynamics and other information to protect consumers’ right to know, choose and fair trade; The second is to change the service rules and terms to protect consumers’ reasonable right to refund.

　　Sixth, gyms rely on empty promises to sell cards, and it is difficult for consumers to defend their rights.

　　In recent years, some fitness companies promised consumers that the swimming pool will be opened soon when they sold their cards in the early stage, but refused to cash them afterwards. Even promised consumers a refund, and then "disappeared", it is very difficult for consumers to defend their rights.

　　Shanghai Consumer Protection Committee:The Shanghai Consumer Protection Committee, together with the Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, the Municipal Sports Bureau and the Municipal Fitness Association, jointly formulated the "Shanghai Sports Fitness Industry Member Service Model Contract (2021 Edition)", set a "seven-day cooling-off period", clarified the situation of card withdrawal (refund), and made detailed provisions on the liability for breach of contract and the termination of the contract.

　　Seven, the abnormal operation of long-term rental apartments triggered a chain reaction, and consumers were trapped in multilateral disputes.

　　On the one hand, some long-term rental apartment operators will allow consumers to apply for loans, but they will not pay the prepaid rent to the landlord at one time. Once the capital chain breaks, consumers will face problems such as no room to live in, difficult to return the rent deposit and still have to repay the loan. On the other hand, the landlord will also ask the tenant to move out because he can’t receive the rent, which will lead to multiple contradictions.

　　Shanghai Consumer Protection Committee:On February 4th, 2021, ten departments, including Shanghai Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Municipal Market Supervision Bureau and Municipal Housing Management Bureau, issued the Implementation Opinions on Further Rectifying and Regulating the Order of Housing Leasing Market in this Municipality, which stipulated that "the lessee shall not be forced or induced to pay rent for more than three months at a time in the name of rent concessions", "housing leasing institutions shall open fund supervision accounts", "verification of housing information" and "real name information card system for employees" to further rectify the order of housing leasing market.

　　Eight, parents do not know that minors recharge online games and ask for a refund.

　　In 2020, affected by the epidemic in COVID-19, many children "stayed at home" for online classes, and minors recharged online games without their parents’ knowledge. Some minors even recharged as much as 100,000 yuan. When parents asked online game companies for a refund, they were often rejected by online game companies on the grounds of insufficient evidence.

　　Shanghai Consumer Protection Committee:It is suggested that relevant game companies should fulfill their social responsibilities and pay attention to the protection and care of minors; For some games suitable for young children, set relevant trading limits, strictly control game time, implement security verification, etc., and effectively strengthen front-end control. At the same time, parents are also reminded to fulfill their guardianship responsibilities, strengthen education and guidance on the healthy and rational use of online games by minors, manage mobile phone fingerprints and passwords, open SMS reminders, turn off small amounts of confidentiality, and reduce the possibility of minors recharging themselves.

　　Nine, the purchased products can appreciate, and be wary of the "sales routine" of merchants.

　　Some merchants will market ordinary handicrafts through "reservation" and "lottery", and even put forward the concept that products have "collectible value", and further attract consumers to place orders through gimmicks such as "preserving value" and "increasing value" to create an effect of "buying and earning". However, the physical object is not consistent with the promotion of the merchants, and even the merchants refuse to deliver the goods and delay the delivery.

　　Shanghai Consumer Protection Committee:Consumers should be extra cautious when choosing collectibles, and consume rationally in combination with demand. In case of pre-sale of products by merchants through WeChat WeChat official account, consumers should also pay more attention, carefully verify and check the registration information of merchants, and keep relevant service commitments, so as to find out the subject, keep evidence and facilitate rights protection.

　　Ten, the second-hand car platform is lazy to take responsibility, and it is easy for consumers to buy a car with loans, but it is difficult to lift the mortgage.

　　Some second-hand car trading platforms not only profit from the second-hand car trading, but also profit from it by providing loan channel business to consumers. In the process of handling loans, consumers are usually not familiar with the company that actually provides loans, and there is no way to directly contact or find the lending company. In this "back-to-back" situation, consumers will encounter many difficulties in canceling the mortgage.

　　Shanghai Consumer Protection Committee:Urge relevant platforms: First, abide by the principle of operating in good faith and in accordance with the law, earnestly assume due main responsibilities, and actively cooperate with consumers to handle procedures such as mortgage cancellation; Second, before signing a contract with consumers, consumers should be clearly and conspicuously informed of relevant rights and obligations and important information, especially the loan provider and the methods and procedures for handling the mortgage procedures, so as to fully protect consumers’ right to know and choose; At the same time, the Municipal Consumer Protection Committee also reminds consumers to be extra cautious when buying used cars through online loans. Be sure to understand the details and the contract rules before paying, and save the electronic contract in time to protect their rights. (CCTV reporter Wang Dianjia)