分类： sangna

　　Practice of Community Canteen in Chengdu

　　Operating status:

　　There are about 500 existing community canteens.

　　Most street offices or communities provide places, reduce rents, and then introduce market entities to operate.

　　Meal fee standard: 10 ~ 20 yuan.

　　Explore the case:

　　■ Chain community canteens (8 stores have been opened and 3 stores are under construction);

　　The canteen is only a service point of the company, and it is more to provide various services to residents, such as laundry, escort, setting up universities for the elderly, community activities and so on.

　　■ Longevity canteen:

　　Serve 20,000 to 30,000 people, invite enterprises to open product fairs in the canteen, etc., and make the community canteen a link between enterprises and users.

　　Recently, the semi-monthly report on the difficulties in the continuous operation of community canteens has sparked heated discussions. The report pointed out that community canteens are currently facing many problems, such as high operating pressure, difficult to adjust, and residents are worried about food safety. At the same time, it was mentioned that the existing community canteens were suspended due to the inability to recover costs. Under the heated discussion, the remark that "the closing tide of community canteens is coming" is frequently mentioned.

　　What is the management status of community canteens in Chengdu? Are you facing the above problems and what measures have you taken? Chengdu Business Daily-Red Star journalists visited and investigated a number of community canteens and related departments and learned that there are about 500 existing community canteens in Chengdu, mainly in the central city. The establishment of community canteens is mostly provided by street offices or communities, and the rent is reduced or exempted, and then the market entities are introduced to operate. At present, the operation is also under certain pressure.

　　"The key to doing a good job in community canteens is to realize that they are part of community grass-roots governance and cannot be simply an old people’s canteen. Community canteens are a carrier for urban and rural community development and governance to enrich residents’ life service system." Zhang Haibo, secretary general of Chengdu Urban and Rural Community Development Governance Promotion Association, said.

　　survey

　　Under heated discussion

　　The continuous operation of community canteens is troubled.

　　Recently, the semi-monthly talk released a report entitled "Community Canteen: Continuous Operation is Troubled". The report pointed out that the community canteens, which were popular all over the network since November last year, have now encountered operational difficulties, mainly as follows: the site cost has caused great pressure on the operation of community canteens; It is difficult to adjust and weigh; Some residents are worried about food safety.

　　In October 2022, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Ministry of Civil Affairs jointly issued the Notice on Carrying out the Pilot Work of Complete Community Construction (hereinafter referred to as the Notice). The notice mentioned that starting from October 2022, the pilot community will be equipped with convenient commercial service facilities such as canteens and domestic service outlets. Subsequently, a number of community canteens were opened nationwide, and the video of the opening of a community canteen in Fengqing, Yunnan Province was also posted on the hot search.

　　At the same time, the sound of "the closing tide of the first batch of community canteens is coming" has caused widespread discussion. "Community canteens violate the laws of the market", "The price of dishes is low but the cost is too high" and "It doesn’t conform to the modern catering trend" … … Numerous statements have also been repeatedly mentioned.

　　Under the heated discussion, does the operation of community canteens in Chengdu also face the above problems? Recently, a reporter from Chengdu Business Daily-Red Star visited many community canteens in Chengdu.

　　A number of interviewees said that several community canteens in Chengdu had operated before the above notice. According to public reports, with the increasing aging, the elderly who live alone, live in empty nests, have difficulty in moving or living, and the elderly whose children have no time to take care of them, the demand for community-based care services is also increasing, and the problem of eating for the elderly has attracted attention. In the past five or six years, community canteens have been introduced in many areas of Chengdu, and most of them are opened by street offices or communities to provide places, reduce rents and introduce market players to operate.

　　Yuan Xiaoran, secretary general of Chengdu Catering Trade Association, said that according to incomplete statistics, there were more than 800 community canteens in Chengdu during the peak period. "Affected by many factors such as the epidemic situation and poor management, there are still about 500 companies operating." Yuan Xiaoran introduced that these canteens are mainly in the central city, and some operations also have some pressure.

　　According to the reporter’s visit, at present, the charging standard of community canteens in Chengdu is generally 10 ~ 20 yuan, but the passenger flow is different.

　　The meal price in the community canteen of Laoma Road in Wuhou District is calculated on the basis of a single dish, with one meat in 8 yuan and one vegetable in 4 yuan, and various kinds of stir-fry are also provided. Ms. Liao, the person in charge, said that at present, about 200 people can eat here at noon, and during the free time of the canteen, they will also host banquets and various community activities.

　　Chenghua district Hemei Community Help-the-Aged Restaurant is a community canteen established in 2019. Chen Feng, the person in charge, told the reporter that the restaurant is about 320 square meters, with an average daily meal of about 500 people (including breakfast, lunch and evening), among which elderly users account for the majority. In terms of meal fee standard, elderly people aged 60 and above charge 12 yuan for each meal, while ordinary people charge 20 yuan for each meal, which can provide three meals in the morning, noon and evening. "Our restaurant is a buffet, with 10 staff members. In order to meet the taste needs of more people, about 20 dishes are usually prepared for dinner, and the cost is really not low." Chen Feng said that although it seems that 500 people eat every day, if the preferential subsidies are set aside, the income from selling meals alone is not enough to meet the normal operating costs of the restaurant.

　　explore the way

　　Open source and reduce expenditure, increase service content

　　Establish word of mouth and expand consumption scenarios

　　Under the background of "closing the door", one company in Chengdu has opened eight community canteens, and three more are under construction. This company is called Chengdu Yichenghe Home Service Co., Ltd., and its person in charge, Wang Yunjing, told reporters that since its establishment in 2019, the company has successively opened eight community canteens in Wuhou District and Qingyang District, and currently there are three more under construction in Shuangliu District and jinniu district.

　　"Our company is a branded and chained community canteen, managed by socialized catering, so our profitability and self ‘ Hematopoiety ’ Strong ability. " Wang Yunjing said, "Because our company operates more community canteens, we have also built our own upstream food factories and cold chain distribution channels, which will help us reduce the cost of upstream ingredients."

　　It is understood that since the opening of the first community canteen in May 2020, so far, the company has served more than 100,000 people, about 40% of whom are elderly people. The charge standard of the canteen is 15 yuan/person for the elderly and 20 yuan/person for the ordinary adults, and each meal contains two meats, one vegetarian and one soup. "Our canteen can only make a small profit at present, and the purpose of our canteen is to obtain the flow of people." Wang Yunjing introduced.

　　The community canteen is only a small part of the company’s community service. In addition, it will provide door-to-door services such as foot cleaning and foot bath. After community residents get to know the company through the canteen, they will be more likely to contact them once they need it. Wang Yunjing said: "The canteen is only a point of the company’s service, and it is more to provide residents with various services, such as laundry, escort, opening old-age universities, community activities, etc. Residents can place orders through the mobile APP at home."

　　Of course, in the early stage of the canteen, it is inseparable from various preferential subsidies from the government. "But if you want to do a good job in community canteens, you can’t always rely on subsidies," said Wang Yunjing. "Instead, you should develop new service projects, broaden your own profit channels, and at the same time, reduce costs by scale effect, open sources and reduce expenditure, so that canteens can develop in the long run."

　　Longevity canteen located in Wende Road, chenghua district is slightly different from the former. According to Liao Ziyuan, the person in charge of the canteen, it has operated four community canteens, and its business philosophy is to make the community canteens a link between enterprises and users.

　　Where is this "bond" relationship reflected? Liao Ziyuan showed reporters the common materials such as rice, cooking oil and condiments in the canteen. According to him, most of these ingredients are given by enterprises. In return, enterprises are often invited to open product fairs in the canteen. Through cooperation with enterprises, enterprises and residents are provided with consumption places other than meals, and the canteen can also get corresponding income from them.

　　Changshou canteen is located in Wende community, surrounded by 6-storey old residential buildings. At present, there are about 30 people dining in this 100-square-meter canteen, and each person aged 60 and above is 12 yuan. "Although there are not many people eating every day, there are 20,000 to 30,000 people I serve, not only in our community, but also in some surrounding communities." Liao Ziyuan said that although the canteen itself is not profitable, the overall comprehensive revenue is not bad through various operating means, plus venue rent and government subsidies for the elderly.

　　state

　　Community canteen is not equal to the dining hall for the elderly.

　　The setting of dishes should be diversified

　　The space attribute of canteen should also be diversified.

　　What are the difficulties in the management of community canteens, and how to do it? Zhang Jiao, secretary-general of Chengdu Food Culture Exchange and Innovation Center, said that community canteens are semi-public and semi-commercial, which makes it difficult to compete with the ordinary catering industry due to congenital reasons, and rely on the support of the government to a certain extent, but in actual operation, the government cannot intervene too much.

　　"In the past, the main customers of community canteens were old people, so in terms of dish setting, they preferred the taste of light oil and less salt that the elderly liked. But now some community canteens have begun to transform in order to increase their income. While serving the elderly, they have also launched many dishes that meet the tastes of young people. " Zhang Jiao suggested that diversified people can be considered in the dishes, and the price can also be different from that of the elderly.

　　Yuan Xiaoran, secretary-general of Chengdu Catering Trade Association, said that at present, community canteens are generally faced with problems such as high rent pressure, single dishes, and difficult to find intimate waiters. There are also many competitors such as specialty restaurants and couples shops that also pursue cost performance. In addition, the limited number of community canteens, compared with other tens of thousands of catering operators, accounts for too small a market share, making it difficult to form a scale, so it is difficult to lower the cost of related ingredients.

　　"To find a breakthrough in such a dilemma, we must see the advantages of community canteens, whose social functions and public welfare are incomparable to ordinary restaurants." Yuan Xiaoran believes that relatively speaking, users of community canteens are more sticky. For example, during non-business hours, some elderly people can often be seen gathering in the canteen to have tea and chat, and these leisure times can also introduce consumption items other than meals. If you want to operate community canteens for a long time, you can’t rely solely on government subsidies and policy support, but you should play its role as a market mechanism and complete self-hematopoiesis.

　　In fact, the community canteen in Chengdu is a part of grass-roots governance, and it is a convenient service complex. When eating, it is a place for the surrounding residents to eat. In normal times, it is a venue for surrounding residents to carry out various activities. "Most of the well-done community canteens in Chengdu are aware of this. In the construction of canteens, they adopt a more lively decoration method to attract residents to carry out various activities in the canteen in their spare time to increase the stickiness between the canteen and the residents." Zhang Haibo, secretary-general of Chengdu Urban and Rural Community Development and Governance Promotion Association, said, "In addition, Chengdu community canteens are not the same, but they are different in operation according to the characteristics of the community."

　　"In some places, the understanding of community canteens may be biased. If it is simply understood as an elderly canteen, it will inevitably encounter problems in the business process." Zhang Haibo said that in addition to the elderly, more young people are also the service targets of community canteens, and the needs of various groups should be taken into account in the operation process; At the same time, we should not blindly pursue low prices, but should set reasonable prices according to the actual situation.

　　Zhang Haibo said that in order to achieve long-term development, community canteens generally need to start from three aspects: first, we must establish land use norms for community canteens and make full use of idle resources in the community; Secondly, establish the operating standards of community canteens to ensure the quality of community canteens; Finally, supervision should be strengthened so that the problems reflected by the masses can be solved in time.

　　Chengdu Business Daily-Red Star Journalist Du Yuquan Yan Xiaofeng

　　The Financial Program Center of the Central Radio and Television General Station recently launched the second season of the five-episode large-scale documentary "Building a Great Country", focusing on "exploring engineering miracles", selecting the most iconic buildings and projects, exploring greener, more scientific and smarter construction, showing China wisdom, China’s plan and China’s strength in promoting Chinese modernization, and praising the great country craftsmen in the new era through the mortal story behind the super project.

　　As a masterpiece of industrial documentary in recent years, the first season of "Building a Great Country" has created an audience boom at home and abroad, with the total video broadcast of the whole network exceeding 100 million times, which has attracted the fiery attention of 106 million viewers from 89 countries and regions around the world, and realized the international expression of China’s story. In the second season, Building a Great Country consists of five episodes, each of which lasts for 45 minutes, namely, Shaping Due to the Circumstances, String of the Underground, Foundation of People’s Livelihood, Glory of Casting and Metallurgy, Gathering Energy and Chasing Light, which focuses on the majestic power of China’s construction efforts towards greening, industrialization, intelligence and informationization, and its great contribution to high-quality economic development.

　　In the second season of "Building a Great Country", the filming team spanned 100,000 kilometers and lasted for 5 months, with 39 shooting projects, which directly hit the construction site and shocked the surging pulse of "Building in China". The film continues the shooting style of the first season, and adopts 4K ultra-high-definition shooting. With aerial photography, high-speed photography, underwater photography, 360-degree panoramic view, crossing machine shooting and other technical means, it dazzles the visual wonders of super projects, and leads the audience to wander between the mountains and rivers in Wan Li through the lens, and experience the grandeur of the building and the exquisiteness of the structure in an immersive way.

　　A century-long project will eventually be completed, and a thousand years will bring glory to the past and the present. The world’s largest spherical building — — Sun Hotel, Jiangmen Neutrino Experimental Station with the largest experimental cavern in the world up to now, Jurong Pumped Storage Power Station, which ranks first in the world in the field of pumped storage, is the 500 kV power transmission and transformation project with the highest altitude, the longest transportation distance and the most challenging construction in the world — — Ali Tibet-China Network is the world’s largest clean energy corridor composed of six giant cascade hydropower stations, including Baihetan. This series of representative projects is not only the condensation and display of the achievements of China’s construction industry transformation and development, but also a beautiful business card for a big country to build a world-renowned reputation.

　　Full of vitality, workers strive for new things every day. The second season of "Building a Great Country" displays the achievements of China’s modernization transformation and development in a panoramic way, revealing the extraordinary dimensions such as China speed, China density and China accuracy. In the selection and expression of cases, it focuses on the novelty, strangeness and uniqueness of special construction, and selects special buildings such as theme parks, convention centers, winter Olympic venues and neutrino experimental stations, showing innovation, ingenuity and ingenuity through the construction wisdom behind them; Spying on the resource potential of underground space, selecting underground space projects such as underground pipe gallery, underground garbage treatment center and underground cave rock group excavation to witness the rational development and utilization of underground space; Focus on benefiting the "last mile" of water, electricity and roads in remote areas, help rural revitalization, and show the responsibility and responsibility of China construction; Imagine the future era driven by green ecology and wisdom, and select innovative cases such as smart steel mills, green electricity and smart construction to highlight the green and low carbon, technological innovation and future trends behind the construction of China.

　　Changhong spans mountains and seas, Qionglou soars into the sky, and the builders who silently contribute are ordinary heroes. Through the perspective of builders, the film vividly shows how they stick to their dedication, take the national strategic needs as the guide, overcome unprecedented construction problems, complete original and leading technical research, and create an amazing "best in the world". If you want to dig an underground cavern with a span of 50 meters 700 meters underground, you can’t have a pillar to support it; In order to protect the mother river and the secondary drinking water source, a bridge across the Yellow River without pier support must be built according to the requirements of environmental protection. How to hide industrial treatment facilities in beautiful parks; And how to realize the green innovation of traditional energy and build the most efficient and clean coal-fired power plant … … The second season of "Building a Great Country" pays tribute to hundreds of millions of builders in the new era with vivid and true records, so that the craftsman spirit of a great country shines in the reinforced concrete.

　　The second season of "Building a Great Country" vividly shows many landmark projects and innovative achievements in the new era in the past ten years with its super-high production standard and extreme audio-visual experience, and expresses the dream of building a great country with the wisdom and sweat of countless builders, witnessing the transformation of China from building a great country to building a great country from different dimensions, and conveying the strength and self-confidence of "building a great country" to the world with its shocking audio-visual beauty.

　　The program will be broadcast on CCTV-2 at 19:43 every day from October 31 to November 4, 2022, and CCTV financial client, CCTV video and CCTV network will be launched simultaneously.

On June 5th last year, Wenzhou was awarded the title of "China Climate Livable City" by the National Climate Center. Recently, a set of meteorological data released by the Municipal Meteorological Bureau shows that there is no severe cold in winter in Wenzhou and no intense heat in Ciel Phantomhive, and the annual average temperature is 18.3 C; Wenzhou has few haze days and fresh air, and there has been no severe haze in the past five years. These climatic characteristics make Wenzhou live up to the name of "livable".

The temperature is suitable for warm winter and cool summer.

Wenzhou is a "warm and moist state", with obvious advantages in climate resources and atmospheric environment, with four advantages in climate resources: warm and humid, abundant rainfall, abundant sunshine and distinct seasons.

According to the relevant person in charge of the Municipal Meteorological Bureau, the temperature in Wenzhou is suitable, warm in winter and cool in summer, with no severe cold in winter and intense heat in Ciel Phantomhive. In Wenzhou, spring, summer and autumn are longer and winter is the shortest.

The air is fresh in foggy days.

In the past seven years, the haze weather in Wenzhou City has been effectively controlled. According to the Municipal Meteorological Bureau, the haze days in Wenzhou have dropped from 150 days in 2013 to 29 days in 2018 and 2019. In particular, severe haze has not appeared in the past five years; In recent three years, even moderate haze has not appeared.

With less haze, the air is "fresh". According to the monitoring of negative oxygen ions in the whole province, the content of negative oxygen ions in the air in southern Zhejiang is obviously higher than that in central and northern Zhejiang. In particular, the average negative oxygen ions in alpine forest areas in Taishun and Wencheng areas of our city are as high as 4,000 per cubic centimeter, and the observation value of Wuyanling in Taishun ranks first in the province.

Wenzhou is rich in rainwater resources. The average annual precipitation in Wenzhou City is 1735 mm, ranking first in the prefecture-level cities in the province. The availability of rainwater resources is high, and the average precipitation intensity during extremely short-term heavy precipitation is small. Wenzhou is one of the regions with the richest rainwater resources in China.

Wenzhou is also rich in wind energy resources, and the exploitable amount of offshore wind power technology exceeds 4 million kilowatts. The 70-meter wind energy resources of offshore islands are second only to Zhoushan Island, ranking second in the coastal area of Zhejiang Province, belonging to the third category of wind power development, with great potential for development and utilization of wind energy resources.

High risk of meteorological disasters

According to experts from the Municipal Meteorological Department, although Wenzhou has a suitable climate, it is still in a high disaster risk area in China and even the whole world, and meteorology and its secondary disasters account for more than 90% of natural disaster losses. Influenced by the typical monsoon climate, meteorological disasters in Wenzhou are diverse. Except sandstorm, 14 kinds of meteorological disasters have occurred, such as typhoon, rainstorm, cold wave, fog, low temperature, high temperature, haze, drought, lightning, blizzard, frost, tornado, gale and hail.

There are three main characteristics of meteorological disasters affecting Wenzhou. First, the intensity of landing typhoons is getting stronger, which seriously affects the number of typhoons. Since the establishment of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the number of typhoons landing in Wenzhou has been 0.3 per year, which seriously affects the number of typhoons per year, with the overall trend of more and stronger; Second, the rainfall in the flood season and the number of rainstorm days showed a double increasing trend. The total rainfall in the plum and typhoon seasons accounted for 68.28% of the annual precipitation, and the plum rain in Wenzhou was atypical. The regular date of entering plum blossom was May 27th, and the date of leaving plum blossom was June 25th. Third, strong convection leads to an increasing trend of lightning and short-term heavy precipitation. Strong convective weather such as short-term rainstorm, thunderstorm and gale, hail and lightning in spring and summer has the characteristics of locality, suddenness and strong disaster. (Reporter Dong Jini)

　　"I can’t see the dynamic password when I go to the bank to handle business. Can I change it into a solid state? I can’t sign, can I press my handprint? Relevant documents cannot be read, can you provide manual assistance … …” A few days ago, Ma Jingyang, chairman of Shenzhen Blind Association, put forward his own ideas at the symposium on barrier-free services for banks and financial institutions in Shenzhen.

　　Recently, when Zhou Yunpeng, a blind singer, opened an account with a personal debit card in a Shenzhen branch of Bank of China, the bank staff refused to do so because of his "lack of capacity for civil conduct". This incident caused widespread discussion in society and triggered social reflection on the construction of "barrier-free environment".

　　Many disabled people like Zhou Yunpeng want to "walk freely" in their daily lives like ordinary people, but they suffer from the environment around them that has not paved the way for them.

　　Information accessibility is worthy of attention.

　　"People take it for granted that barrier-free environment is specially built for people with disabilities. In fact, accessibility includes three levels: accessibility of hardware facilities, accessibility of information communication and accessibility of human environment, which is aimed at the whole society. " Yu Guanbin, president of Shenzhen Barrier-free Environment Promotion Association, said.

　　In addition to physical accessibility, the promotion of information accessibility is worthy of attention in the current mobile Internet era.

　　On April 12, Wang Mengqi, a visually impaired person, held his mobile phone to his ear in one hand and slid the screen of his mobile phone in the other. With the clicking and sliding of his finger, the mobile phone screen reading software read out what he clicked at a very fast speed. All this is attributed to the information barrier-free construction. At present, Wang Mengqi is an IT engineer of Shenzhen Information Accessibility Research Association. Here, he found his own place to help more visually impaired people "see" the world through the Internet.

　　"Blind people can’t use ordinary mobile phones, computers and other information equipment; However, the current technology can help them to interact with devices by listening and get information. My job is to test the information accessibility of various client applications, and submit the problems found and optimization suggestions. " Wang Mengqi said proudly.

　　"In this world, if there is an information barrier-free engineer, it will open a door to mainstream society for more visually impaired people." In 2014, Wang Mengqi resigned from his job as a massage doctor regardless of his family’s opposition, and came to Shenzhen from Henan alone to find his dream.

　　Deng Zhixin, vice president of Shenzhen Barrier-free Environment Promotion Association, believes that barrier-free service is a matter of consciousness. "Some healthy people often don’t know how to do it. Even sometimes providing help that disabled people don’t need in a high-profile way is also an obstacle at the humanistic level. "

　　Barrier-free humanistic environment is the ultimate goal.

　　The experience of Zhou Yunpeng, a blind singer, is not the end. This incident triggered the banking industry to reflect on the service mode and service level of special needs groups. On April 17th, Shenzhen Banking Regulatory Bureau and major banks cooperated with the Municipal Disabled Persons’ Federation to hold a forum.

　　On the same day, the Municipal Banking Consumer Rights Protection Promotion Association and the Municipal Barrier-free Environment Promotion Association reached a cooperation intention. In the future, a series of barrier-free knowledge training on the financial system will be held, and a long-term communication mechanism will be established to prepare a barrier-free service guide for banks.

　　In recent years, negative news about the barrier-free environment, such as serious occupation of blind roads and discrimination against disabled people, is common. This is the result of the imperfect construction of barrier-free humanistic environment. Humanistic environment is an invisible environment hidden in society, and it is a concern for human nature of social individuals. Yu Guanbin believes that building a barrier-free humanistic environment is the ultimate goal of barrier-free construction.

　　Chen Lei, deputy director of Shenzhen Barrier-free Environment Construction Supervision Corps, believes that apart from the banking system, many service systems at present also lack humanized consideration for vulnerable groups, which leads to the disabled people not being able to integrate into society and enjoy the conveniences of modern life like ordinary people. "It’s not that the public is unwilling to help the disabled, but that they don’t know what help the disabled really need." Chen Lei said.

　　It is understood that during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, Shenzhen plans to build the first comprehensive barrier-free city in China. At present, the renovation of disabled parking spaces, the installation of pedestrian traffic lights and other obstacle-free space environment are also progressing in an orderly manner.

　　"I hope that in the future, all walks of life can provide better public services for groups with special needs, including the disabled, and promote the further development of barrier-free construction, from hardware facilities to information exchange to human environment, which can achieve real barrier-free." Yu Guanbin said. (Reporter Liu Youting Intern Zhou Meilin)

Since the launch of the 33rd National Tax Publicity Month, Chongqing tax authorities have focused on students of different age groups, combined with primary and secondary schools, universities and public security departments to carry out publicity activities on the theme of "Tax Run Campus" in various forms, explaining the basic knowledge of taxation, personal information security and anti-fraud, helping young people to firmly establish the concept of the rule of law and create a harmonious and healthy campus environment ruled by law.

At Linjiang Town Central Primary School in Kaizhou District, students showed their own hand-made hand-made folding fans on the theme of tax law. Photo by Zhao Shiqi

Interesting tax law plants the seeds of tax rule by law.

"Students, as we all know,’ tax’ consists of’ wo’ and’ dui’. Who knows what’ wo’ and’ dui’ stand for respectively?" Recently, in Class 3, Grade 2, Zhengda International Primary School, Xincun, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, tax officials explained life cases and played popular science videos to let children know the nature and use of taxation.

Popularizing legal knowledge for teenagers is one of the key contents of tax publicity month. Recently, aiming at primary and secondary school students, Chongqing taxation department went into the campus to carry out a series of entertaining and rich tax popularization courses. By combining life cases to talk about tax principles, playing tax popularization cartoons, playing games, visiting the entity tax office and other forms, the common sense of tax law was popularized, and the seeds of tax rule of law were planted in children’s hearts.

Wuxi County Taxation Bureau organized personnel to walk into Honglu Primary School in Tongcheng Town of the county to give lectures on tax law. Combine the vivid cases that happened around the students, and guide the students to actively discover the ubiquitous tax knowledge around them. After class, the students picked up brushes to outline the tax world in their eyes.

At Ditao School in Dazu District, tax officials and classmates took a group photo with the paper-cut "Tax Emblem" as a souvenir. Meng xiangfei

In Yingfeng Primary School in Xiushan County, tax officials lead children to learn about tax law through interactive games such as tax "radish squatting". "Tax knowledge is more interesting to learn than expected. I have written down the names of value-added tax, corporate income tax, personal income tax and consumption tax." Li Xiang, a classmate from Class 2, Grade 5, said.

Longjiang Ying, the executive principal of Yingfeng Primary School, said that through entertaining and entertaining, the children took the initiative to learn the knowledge of tax law and narrowed the distance with tax in a relaxed and happy atmosphere.

In addition to entering the school to popularize the law, the Chongqing tax department also invited children to enter the tax service hall to learn more tax knowledge in the "visit and explanation+intelligent interaction+immersion experience".

In the Tax Service Hall of fengjie county, the tax staff led the "Little Tax Experiencer" to visit the tax window, and guided the students to experience the tax service in an immersive way. Photo by Cai Zhongyu

"Is the invoice coming from this machine?" "Can I pay my own taxes through the computer at home?" Recently, 20 primary school students from Kuizhou Primary School in fengjie county came to fengjie county Tax Service Hall to experience many tax payment processes, such as tax guidance consultation, number calling and self-service tax payment.

Tax departments such as Changshou District, Dazu District and Wushan County in Chongqing have also carried out various tax law classes. More than 10 children from Class 7, Grade 5, Jingshan Primary School, Changshou District came to the tax service hall to listen to the tax officials explain the tax history and experience the long-distance telephone service. Students from Ditao School in Dazu District actively participated in interesting questions and answers in the law popularization class; Students from Class 3, Grade 2, Taichang Middle School, Wushan County, under the guidance of tax officials, issued a tax payment voucher.

In the tax service hall of Changshou District, the students are listening carefully to the tax officials explaining the operation steps of invoice generation and the related knowledge of invoice. Photo by Yuan Hongyu

Multi-department linkage escort college students to grow into talents

Teenagers should pay attention to let teenagers use the law well, guard against risks and safeguard their own rights and interests. College students have less social experience, and their ability to know and prevent fraud is low. At the same time, due to the demand for job hunting, personal information is easy to leak, which makes them easy to become one of the key targets of fraudsters.

For college students, Chongqing Taxation and the public security departments organized personnel to enter the campus to popularize the law, explaining the common means and preventive methods of online fraud, the harm of fraudulent use of personal identity information and the ways to report it, so as to help create a harmonious and healthy campus environment ruled by law.

Chongqing Bishan District Taxation Bureau and the Eighth Inspection Bureau of Chongqing Taxation Bureau organized personnel to walk into Chongqing Vocational College of Mechanical and Electrical Technology to explain the knowledge of personal identity fraudulent use and telecom fraud to more than 70 student representatives of the school. Photo by Jiang Zhongwei

Recently, the Qijiang District Taxation Bureau and the District Public Security Bureau entered Chongqing Institute of Foreign Languages and Foreign Affairs, and the Eighth Inspection Bureau of Chongqing Taxation Bureau and Bishan District Taxation Bureau entered Chongqing Vocational and Technical University of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering. Combined with the real case of fraudulent use of college students’ identity information, they explained the dangers of fraudulent use of college students’ identity information, the methods to protect their rights and interests in daily life, avoid information leakage, and the handling methods and channels when identity information was leaked.

"When college students find themselves employed, they can go to the personal income tax APP to appeal, click on Personal Center, Employment Information and Appeal in turn, and the type of appeal is never employed. The follow-up verification results will be reminded and fed back through the personal income tax APP homepage message." Ren Xuanyu, the Eighth Inspection Bureau of Chongqing Taxation Bureau, said.

In addition to explaining the contents of preventing fraud and protecting the security of personal identity information, Chongqing tax authorities also explain the preferential tax policies and tax credit management related to employment and entrepreneurship to college students who are about to graduate, so as to help them abide by the law, be honest and trustworthy after entering the workplace.

In Southwest University, tax officials explain the preferential tax policies related to innovation and entrepreneurship to students. Yang manshe

"Students, if they are engaged in self-employment after graduation, they can deduct the actual value-added tax, urban maintenance and construction tax, education surcharge, local education surcharge and personal income tax in turn within three years according to the limit of 24,000 yuan per household per year from the month of registration of individual industrial and commercial households." Recently, Chongqing Taxation Bureau, Economic Investigation Corps of Chongqing Public Security Bureau, and Beibei District Taxation Bureau of Chongqing jointly organized personnel to walk into Southwest University to carry out a publicity activity on the theme of "Tax Run Campus", to explain the tax policies related to employment and entrepreneurship for more than 40 college students, and to popularize the knowledge of the hazards and risk prevention of falsely issuing special VAT invoices, and the protection of personal identity information security, so as to help college students take a steady and good road to entrepreneurship and employment.

Li Labiao, director of the College Students’ Innovation and Entrepreneurship Guidance Service Center of Southwest University, said that college students are the new force for mass entrepreneurship and innovation. This activity is very meaningful for college students with entrepreneurial needs, helping them to accurately enjoy preferential tax and fee policies and handle tax-related matters in the initial stage of entrepreneurship faster.

According to statistics, from April 1 to 22, Chongqing tax authorities have carried out more than 33 publicity activities on the theme of "Tax Run Campus". The relevant person in charge of the Chongqing Municipal Taxation Bureau said that it will continue to strengthen the publicity of law popularization in conjunction with the Civil Code Publicity Month, improve the compliance of social tax laws, and promote the respect, study, observance and usage of laws in the whole society.

Source: Chongqing Municipal Taxation Bureau

According to the statistics of the Annual Express, the bulletin on Shenyang’s national economic and social development in 2015 is as follows:

　　In 2015, faced with the severe and complicated domestic and international environment and the increasing downward pressure on the economy, the Shenyang Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government adhered to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, actively adapted to lead the new normal of economic development, seized the major opportunity of a new round of revitalization and development, and made great efforts to promote key tasks such as reform and innovation, steady growth, improving people’s livelihood, and governing the city according to law. As a result, the city’s overall economy developed steadily, social undertakings progressed, and people’s lives improved.

　　I. Economic aggregate

　　According to preliminary accounting, the gross domestic product (GDP) of the whole year was 728.05 billion yuan, an increase of 3.5% over the previous year at comparable prices. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 34.14 billion yuan, an increase of 3.5%; The added value of the secondary industry was 349.9 billion yuan, an increase of 0.9%; The added value of tertiary industry was 344.01 billion yuan, up by 6.3%. The added value of primary industry accounts for 4.7% of GDP, the added value of secondary industry accounts for 48.1%, and the added value of tertiary industry accounts for 47.2%. According to the resident population, the per capita GDP was 87,833 yuan, an increase of 3.2%.

　　Second, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery

　　The total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery was 68.86 billion yuan, an increase of 3.8% over the previous year. Among them, the output value of planting industry is 26.52 billion yuan, the output value of forestry is 1.32 billion yuan, the output value of animal husbandry is 35.86 billion yuan, the output value of fishery is 2.66 billion yuan, and the output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery services is 2.51 billion yuan.

　　The planting area of crops in the city is 659,000 hectares, including 502,000 hectares of grain crops. Grain production achieved 12 consecutive bumper harvests, with a total grain output of 3.58 million tons, including 1.004 million tons of rice and 2.49 million tons of corn. The fruit output was 300,000 tons, a decrease of 0.5% over the previous year; The vegetable output was 5.377 million tons, a decrease of 1.9%; The total output of meat was 987,000 tons, a decrease of 3.2%, of which pigs, cattle and mutton decreased by 0.8%, 13.1% and 9.4% respectively. The output of poultry eggs was 734,000 tons, a decrease of 7.9%; The milk output was 505,000 tons, a decrease of 2.3%.

　　Strengthen the construction of water conservancy infrastructure, and complete the reconstruction of medium-sized irrigation area in Shifosi. The total power of agricultural machinery in the whole year was 3,746,300 kilowatts, an increase of 5.5% over the previous year, and the comprehensive level of agricultural mechanization increased to 86.7%. The application amount of agricultural chemical fertilizer (converted to pure) is 209,000 tons, and the plastic film coverage area is 57,000 hectares.

　　Modern agriculture has been accelerated. Vigorously develop various forms of moderate scale operation. In 2015, 10 leisure picking gardens will be built in the urban agricultural industrial belt around the city, and 4 boutique tourist routes will be formed. There are 216 leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization at or above the city level, including 62 key leading enterprises at or above the provincial level. There are 5,885 farmers’ professional cooperatives in the city with 167,000 members. The total area of protected agriculture has reached 130,900 hectares; The area of high-efficiency characteristic agriculture has reached 210,600 hectares. Strive to create 98 demonstration zones for high yield of national and provincial grain and oil crops. 155 new rural drinking water safety projects were built to solve the drinking water safety of 207,000 farmers. Liaozhong county has become a national demonstration area for the protection of geographical indication products, and Faku county has become a national demonstration county for the quality and safety of agricultural products.

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Output of main agricultural products

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Output of main livestock and poultry products and aquatic products

III. Industry and Construction Industry

　　The added value of industrial enterprises above designated size was 262.07 billion yuan, down 2.9% from the previous year. Among them, the added value of heavy industry was 192.12 billion yuan, down by 2.8%; The added value of light industry was 69.95 billion yuan, down by 3.1%. The added value of equipment manufacturing industry reached 137.67 billion yuan, down 2.2%, accounting for 52.5% of the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size in the city. The five dominant industries, such as automobiles and parts, building products, agricultural and sideline products processing, chemical products manufacturing, steel and nonferrous metal smelting and calendering, achieved an added value of 142.05 billion yuan, down by 2.4%. The added value of high-tech products in industries above designated size reached 87.01 billion yuan, accounting for 33.2% of the added value of industries above designated size in the city. Export delivery value’s industrial products reached 22.16 billion yuan, down by 11.0%.

　　Industrial enterprises above designated size in the city realized a total profit and tax of 82.78 billion yuan, a decrease of 23.7% over the previous year; The total profit was 47.78 billion yuan, down 30.0%. The comprehensive index of industrial economic benefits was 310.6%, down 33.2 percentage points from the previous year; The production and sales rate of industrial products was 99.3%, an increase of 0.6 percentage points.

Output of major industrial products

The added value of the city’s construction industry was 38.96 billion yuan, calculated at comparable prices, an increase of 5.7% over the previous year. The total output value of construction enterprises above the qualification level was 160.11 billion yuan, down by 20.8%.

　　IV. Investment in fixed assets

　　The annual investment in fixed assets was 532.6 billion yuan, down 18.9% from the previous year. From the perspective of investors, the state-owned economic investment was 73.18 billion yuan, down by 27.2%; The economic investment of foreign businessmen and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan was 41.09 billion yuan, down by 35.7%; Private investment was 418.33 billion yuan, down by 15.0%. From the perspective of industrial distribution, the investment in the primary industry was 6.64 billion yuan, down 35.1%; Investment in the secondary industry was 211.23 billion yuan, down by 16.6%, of which industrial investment was 211.16 billion yuan, down by 15.8%; Investment in the tertiary industry was 314.74 billion yuan, down by 19.9%. Fixed assets increased by 434.34 billion yuan, down by 6.6%.

　　The investment in real estate development in the whole year was 133.77 billion yuan, down by 32.3% over the previous year, of which residential investment was 93.5 billion yuan, down by 34.0%. The building construction area was 83.413 million square meters, down by 27.4%; The completed housing area was 10.37 million square meters, down by 15.4%, of which the completed residential area was 7.688 million square meters, down by 22.7%. The sales area of commercial housing was 10.651 million square meters, down by 28.9%, of which the sales area of residential housing was 9.499 million square meters, down by 29.2%; The sales of commercial housing was 73.07 billion yuan, down by 21.6%, of which residential sales was 60.94 billion yuan, down by 22.6%.

　　V. Transportation, Postal Service and Information Transmission Industry

　　The total cargo transportation in 2001 was 213.621 million tons, an increase of 5.7% over the previous year. Among them, the railway was 4.826 million tons, down by 11.6%; 208.73 million tons of highways, an increase of 6.2%; Civil aviation was 65,200 tons, up by 4.0%. The number of passengers sent in the whole year was 206.427 million, an increase of 3.2%. Among them, there were 44.27 million railway passengers, an increase of 6.8%; 155.54 million person-times on highways, an increase of 2.1%; The number of civil aviation passengers was 6.617 million, an increase of 5.1%.

　　At the end of the year, the number of civilian cars in the city was 1.645 million, an increase of 13.0% over the end of the previous year. Among them, there are 1.466 million passenger cars and 168,000 trucks. The number of private cars was 1.346 million, an increase of 16.9%.

　　Shenyang is open to navigation with 20 international cities and 72 domestic cities (regions). There are 150 routes in Shenyang Airport, including 25 international routes and 125 domestic routes. Civil aviation transport aircraft took off and landed 99,000 times, an increase of 2.6%; The airport passenger throughput was 12.68 million passengers, down by 0.9%.

　　The total amount of postal and telecommunications services completed in the year was 19.65 billion yuan. Among them, the postal business totaled 2.32 billion yuan, and the telecommunications business totaled 17.34 billion yuan. The express delivery business volume was 109.616 million pieces. At the end of the year, the total capacity of fixed telephone exchanges was 4.192 million. There were 2.292 million fixed-line telephone users in urban and rural areas, down by 8.5%. The total capacity of mobile telephone exchanges is 14.544 million. There were 13.493 million mobile phone users, an increase of 3.054 million. The Internet registered 1.79 million users, an increase of 161,000, including 1.775 million broadband users, an increase of 161,000. The penetration rate of fixed telephones is 27.6/100 people, and that of mobile telephones is 162.7/100 people.

　　VI. Domestic trade

　　The total retail sales of consumer goods in the whole year was 388.32 billion yuan, up by 8.2% over the previous year, of which the retail sales of online goods by units above designated size reached 10.14 billion yuan, up by 53.1%. By region, the urban retail sales reached 363.61 billion yuan, up by 7.1%. Rural retail sales reached 24.72 billion yuan, an increase of 26.5%.

　　Wholesale and retail trade enterprises above designated size realized retail sales of 193.22 billion yuan, up 6.8% over the previous year. Among them, the retail sales of automobiles reached 47.31 billion yuan, an increase of 6.3%; The retail sales of clothing, shoes, hats and knitwear reached 25.2 billion yuan, up by 5.1%. The retail sales of Chinese and western medicines reached 27.96 billion yuan, an increase of 10.5%; The retail sales of grain, oil and food reached 12.39 billion yuan, an increase of 8.0%; The retail sales of household appliances and audio-visual equipment reached 18.53 billion yuan, an increase of 20.4%; The retail sales of daily necessities was 6.41 billion yuan, up by 2.9%; The retail sales of communication equipment was 10.4 billion yuan, an increase of 16.7%; The retail sales of building and decoration materials reached 3.26 billion yuan, an increase of 8.2%.

　　There were 53 commodity trading markets with annual turnover exceeding 100 million yuan, with a turnover of 109.98 billion yuan.

　　VII. Foreign Economy

　　The total import and export volume of the year was 14.08 billion US dollars, down 10.8% from the previous year. Among them, the total import value was 7.29 billion US dollars, down by 15.7%; The total export value was US$ 6.79 billion, down 5.0%.

　　In 2001, 137 foreign investment contract projects were newly signed, with contracted foreign investment of US$ 1.94 billion and actually utilized foreign direct investment of US$ 1.06 billion, down by 53.3% over the previous year. The contract value of foreign contracted projects and labor cooperation in the whole year was 1.67 billion US dollars; The turnover reached US$ 1.12 billion, up by 3.0%.

　　VIII. Tourism

　　Actively promote the reform and development of tourism, and Shenyang has become a tax refund city for overseas tourists. By the end of 2015, there were 74 national A-level tourist attractions, 204 travel agencies and 96 star-rated hotels in the city. The total tourism revenue for the whole year was 122.12 billion yuan, up by 14.6% over the previous year. Among them, domestic tourism revenue was 117.16 billion yuan, up by 14.7%; Foreign exchange income was US$ 800 million, up 14.3%. Received 92.192 million domestic and foreign tourists, an increase of 11.0%. Among them, there were 91.542 million domestic tourists, an increase of 11.0%; There were 650,000 inbound tourists, an increase of 10.2%.

　　IX. Finance

　　By the end of 2015, there were 1,317 banking institutions and outlets in the city, and the balance of local and foreign currency deposits of financial institutions was 1,403.54 billion yuan, an increase of 11.0% over the beginning of the year; The balance of local and foreign currency loans was 1,158.1 billion yuan, up 12.8% from the beginning of the year.

　　There are 112 securities business departments in the city. The annual securities transaction volume was 5,521.84 billion yuan, an increase of 199.1% over the previous year. Among them, the stock trading volume was 4,023.79 billion yuan, an increase of 244.1%; The fund transaction volume was 389.85 billion yuan, an increase of 531.3%.

　　There are 410 insurance institutions and outlets in the city. The annual premium income was 23.03 billion yuan, an increase of 8.3% over the previous year. Among them, domestic property insurance premium income was 7.57 billion yuan, an increase of 12.0%; Personal insurance premium income was 15.17 billion yuan, up 6.3%. The annual compensation and payment expenditure was 9.99 billion yuan, up by 29.9%, of which the domestic property insurance compensation expenditure was 4.59 billion yuan, up by 24.2%; Personal insurance claims amounted to 5.16 billion yuan, an increase of 37.2%.

　　X. Prices

　　The annual consumer price rose by 1.2% over the previous year. Among them, the price of service items rose by 0.3%, and the price of consumer goods rose by 1.6%; Food prices rose by 3.1%. The ex-factory price of industrial producers decreased by 1.8%, the purchase price of industrial producers decreased by 7.2%, and the sales price of new commercial housing in the city decreased by 6.3% year-on-year.

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The fluctuation of consumer prices in 2015 compared with the previous year.

XI. Finance and Taxation

　　The annual general public budget revenue was 60.62 billion yuan, down 22.8% from the previous year, of which various taxes were 49.24 billion yuan, down 19.3%. Among various taxes, the value-added tax was 7.94 billion yuan, down 6.8%; The business tax was 14.65 billion yuan, down by 11.1%; Enterprise income tax was 7.72 billion yuan, down by 7.6%; Personal income tax was 2.33 billion yuan, an increase of 8.8%; Land value-added tax was 2.04 billion yuan, down 69.0%; Cultivated land occupation tax was 730 million yuan, down 72.5%; The deed tax was 2.95 billion yuan, down by 23.7%.

　　The annual general public budget expenditure was 80.86 billion yuan, down by 11.6%. Among them, the expenditure on energy conservation and environmental protection increased by 46.1%, the expenditure on health care increased by 9.8%, the expenditure on social security and employment increased by 9.0%, and the expenditure on urban and rural community affairs decreased by 30.9%.

　　Twelve, the county (city) economy

　　In 2015, the four counties (cities) achieved a GDP of 138.11 billion yuan, an increase of 3.3% over the previous year. The added value of industrial enterprises above designated size reached 86.46 billion yuan, down by 4.1%; Investment in fixed assets was 110.33 billion yuan, down by 24.2%; The total retail sales of social consumer goods was 35.24 billion yuan, an increase of 8.2%; The actual use of foreign direct investment was 96.87 million US dollars, an increase of 169.0%; The general public budget revenue was 3.28 billion yuan, down by 67.3%; Local tax revenue was 2.56 billion yuan, down 67.6%.

　　XIII. Urban Construction and Environmental Protection

　　In 2015, the investment in urban construction was 30.03 billion yuan. Construction of Metro Line 4, North-South Expressway and Wu ‘ai Overpass started. The north extension lines of Metro Lines 9, 10 and 2 are progressing smoothly. The Second Ring Expressway (Phase II), Yingbin Road Viaduct and Dongling Road Viaduct were completed and opened to traffic. A number of key urban transportation projects and infrastructure projects, such as North Square of Shenyang North Station and Shenyang South Station, were completed and put into use. 14,000 sets of affordable housing, 41,000 sets of shanty towns and 659 rural dilapidated houses were completed. The national underground utility tunnel pilot was launched in an all-round way.

　　Urban environment. Complete the landscape improvement of 6 exit roads; Environmental upgrading of 830 old residential areas and renovation of 10.71 million square meters of energy-saving greenhouses; Complete the replanting of street trees in 7 municipal and community supporting roads and 283 street trees; 8 parks were upgraded, 19 nodes were afforested, 8 characteristic flower streets were built, and 16 hedgerows were added.

　　Ecological environment. Promote the blue sky project, carry out desulfurization, denitrification and dust removal transformation of 9 thermal power enterprises and 240 sets of coal-fired boilers, replace 120 coal-fired boilers with clean energy, and dismantle 270 heating boilers. Comprehensively improve dust pollution, strengthen the control of motor vehicle exhaust, promote the use of new energy vehicles, and eliminate 33 thousand yellow-label vehicles. The number of days with excellent ambient air quality was 207. The detection rate of motor vehicle exhaust is over 82%, the water quality of water source reaches 100%, the urban sewage treatment capacity reaches 100%, the urban sewage treatment rate reaches 95%, the harmless disposal rate of medical waste reaches 100%, and the domestic garbage treatment rate reaches 100%.

　　Accelerate the establishment of "transit metropolis", build 16 new parking lots (stations), and increase the bus trip rate to 43%. At the end of 2015, there were 229 urban bus lines, including 38 newly opened and adjusted bus lines, with 16 delays; The operating mileage was increased by 179.7 kilometers, and the length of bus lines reached 4,279.4 kilometers; There were 5,381 buses in operation, and 658 buses were added or updated during the year, including 500 new energy buses; 376 bus stop signs were replaced and 438 waiting corridors were rebuilt. The total number of public transport passengers in the whole year was 1.05 billion. The operating mileage of Metro Lines 1 and 2 reached 5.534 million train kilometers, with 277.72 million passengers. The operating mileage of Hunnan tram is 2.594 million kilometers, and the passenger traffic is 8.499 million. At the end of the year, there were 21,720 taxis in the city, including 17,844 taxis in the urban area (excluding Sujiatun District and Shenbei New District). During the year, 2,058 taxis were added or updated, and the annual passenger traffic was 577 million.

　　The total length of the city’s heating pipe network is 9840 kilometers, and the heating area reaches 280 million square meters. In the whole year, 479.4 kilometers of water supply network was added, with a total length of 7,538.7 kilometers and an annual water supply of 590 million tons. The total length of natural gas supply pipeline in urban area is 6467 kilometers.

　　XIV. Science, Technology and Education

　　The innovation-driven development strategy was implemented, and the intelligent manufacturing and robot technology innovation and industrialization alliance of Chinese Academy of Sciences was established. The pump and valve project of Chinese Academy of Sciences passed the national major scientific and technological special acceptance. Shengu Group developed the first domestic air separation compressor unit of 100,000 cubic meters, and the first domestic Ruixiang electric light aircraft was mass-produced. Shenyang High-tech Zone became the first batch of national science and technology service industry pilots. By the end of 2015, the city had 107 independent scientific research and technology development institutions at or above the city level; There are 237 engineering (technical) centers above the provincial level, including 14 national centers; There are 288 key laboratories at or above the provincial level, including 16 at the national level and 2 new ones. There are 25 academicians of the two academies, including 8 academicians of China Academy of Sciences and 17 academicians of China Academy of Engineering. In the whole year, there were 200 scientific and technological achievements registered at or above the city level, including 157 applied technological achievements. Among the achievements in applied technology, 94 have reached the international level (20 are internationally advanced and 74 are internationally advanced); It has reached the domestic level of 62 items (50 domestic leading items and 11 domestic advanced items). 43 achievements in soft science and basic theory. The technical trade turnover of various technical and trade institutions was 15.24 billion yuan. There were 18,112 patent applications, including 9,946 invention patent applications; 9034 patents were granted, including 2680 invention patents.

　　In the province, it took the lead in passing the national acceptance of counties with balanced development of global compulsory education, adding 10,000 inclusive kindergarten degrees, completing the standardization construction of 230 primary and secondary schools, and building 72 new plastic playgrounds for rural primary and secondary schools. By the end of 2015, there were 47 colleges and universities (including 5 independent colleges) in the city, with 108,200 undergraduate and junior college students, 404,000 students and 100,700 undergraduate and junior college graduates. Ordinary institutions of higher learning and scientific research institutions recruit 15,700 graduate students, 43,800 graduate students and 14,100 graduate students. There are 295 ordinary middle schools with 267,300 students; There are 33 general technical secondary schools with 57,500 students; There are 48 vocational high schools with 19,000 students; There are 31 technical schools with 15,000 students. The enrollment rate of junior high school graduates is 113.1%, and the gross enrollment rate of senior high school is 116.5%. There are 274 primary schools with 365,100 students. The gross enrollment rate of primary school-age population is 112.9%. The enrollment rate of preschool children in the city is 96.8%.

　　XV. Culture, Health and Sports

　　We will promote the project of benefiting the people by culture, carry out a series of activities of "millions of citizens entering museums", plan and construct the cultural heritage protection project of "Anti-Japanese War History", complete and open the exhibition hall of the former site of the Northeast Army Jiangwu Hall and the Huanggutun Incident History Museum, put the Liao Culture Museum into use, and transform Bayi Park into a national defense education theme park. Throughout the year, 20,000 mass cultural activities were held, 20 million people participated, 606 public welfare art trainings were held, and 846 public welfare cultural performances were organized.

　　We will comprehensively promote medical reform and take the lead in completing the reform of county-level public hospitals in the province one year ahead of schedule. Integrate high-quality medical resources, set up nine "medical associations", implement multi-point practice and graded diagnosis and treatment, and the national advanced city of primary Chinese medicine passed the inspection and acceptance. By the end of 2015, there were 2,156 health institutions in the city (excluding village-level health organizations). Among them, there are 216 hospitals; 111 health centers; There are 136 community health service institutions, including 73 community health service centers and 63 community health service stations; 16 centers for disease control and prevention (epidemic prevention stations); 15 maternal and child health care institutions; 20 specialized disease prevention and control institutions; There are 12 health supervision stations. At the end of the year, there were 58,959 beds and 64,188 health technicians, including 23,265 licensed doctors, 1,532 licensed assistant doctors and 28,097 registered nurses.

　　In the whole year, more than 200 large-scale sports events were held, and more than 2,300 mass fitness activities were held, involving 5 million people. More than 1,300 social sports instructors were trained, and the number of national physical fitness monitors reached more than 110,000. Successfully held the first marathon in Shenyang, the first international citizen sports union Shenyang citizen games, and successfully bid for the "Gothic Cup" world youth football tournament and the international citizen sports union (IVV) citizen winter Olympic Games. Shenyang was listed as a "national football training base" by the State Sports General Administration, and 137 football fields were rebuilt and 129 campus football fields were opened to the public. Faku was approved as a pilot county of national youth campus football.

　　The issuance of sports lottery reached a new high, with the sales volume reaching 1.446 billion yuan, an increase of 11.6% over the previous year.

　　Sixteen, people’s life and social security

　　In 2015, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 36,643 yuan, an increase of 7.0% over the previous year; The per capita consumption expenditure was 25,870 yuan, an increase of 6.8%. The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 13,486 yuan, an increase of 7.7%; The per capita consumption expenditure was 9037 yuan, an increase of 8.1%.

　　By the end of 2015, 3.706 million people in the city had participated in urban basic old-age insurance, an increase of 148,000 people over the end of last year; 1.152 million people participated in the endowment insurance for urban and rural residents, an increase of 18,600 people; 3.514 million people participated in the basic medical insurance for urban workers, a decrease of 65,000; The basic medical insurance for urban residents was 1.435 million, an increase of 96,500; Unemployment insurance was 1.395 million, an increase of 12,000; Industrial injury insurance was 1.888 million, an increase of 20,000; Maternity insurance was 2.909 million, a decrease of 16,200. The number of landless farmers participating in social security insurance was 232,500. The number of participants in the new rural cooperative medical system was 2,245,900, with a participation rate of 99.3%. The per capita financing standard was raised to 500 yuan, and the per capita subsidy standard was raised to 380 yuan.

　　The basic pension for enterprise retirees is 2,182 yuan per person per month, an increase of 210 yuan over the previous year. The per capita expenditure standard of unemployment insurance is 965 yuan per month, which is the same as last year. Minimum wage standard for employees: 1,300 yuan in urban areas and development zones, and 1,050 yuan in four counties (cities). Minimum living standard for urban residents: 580 yuan per person per month in nine urban areas and 505 yuan per person per month in four counties (cities). Rural minimum living standard: 355 yuan per person per month in nine urban areas and 295 yuan per person per month in four counties (cities).

　　The minimum living allowance was 509 million yuan. Among them, the city issued a minimum living guarantee of 392 million yuan, and 47,000 households and 70,400 people enjoyed the minimum living guarantee for urban residents; Rural residents received a minimum living allowance of 117 million yuan, and 30,400 households and 54,000 people enjoyed the minimum living allowance for rural residents. 2,599 households and 0.56 million people enjoy the assistance of marginal households with urban subsistence allowances; 3,884 households and 0.86 million people enjoy the assistance of rural marginal households with minimum living allowance.

　　We launched a pilot project of a new old-age service model of "combining medical care with nursing care", and 10 regional home-based old-age service centers and 77 rural happy homes were put into use. Add 30 community day care stations. By the end of 2015, there were 170 adoption social welfare institutions in the city, with 38,000 beds and 21,000 caregivers.

　　The annual welfare lottery sales amounted to 2.382 billion yuan and the welfare lottery public welfare fund was raised to 658 million yuan. A total of 11.909 million yuan was raised for charity throughout the year.

　　XVII. Population and Employment

　　At the end of 2015, the permanent population of the city was 8.291 million, an increase of 0.05% over the end of last year. The registered population was 7.304 million, down by 0.06%. Among them, the urban population is 5.299 million and the county (city) population is 2.005 million; The male population is 3.614 million and the female population is 3.69 million. The birth rate was 6.70‰, down by 3.17 thousandths, and the sex ratio at birth was 105.2. The population mortality rate was 8.28‰, an increase of 0.35 per thousand points. The natural population growth rate was -1.58‰, down by 3.52 thousandths.

　　There were 1.468 million employees in urban non-private units in the city, down 4.5% from the end of last year, including 1.365 million employees on the job, down 4.1%. Among the employees on the job, there are 603,000 state-owned economic units, a decrease of 27,000; The number of collective economic units was 37,000, a decrease of 0.4 million; The number of other economic units was 725,000, a decrease of 28,000. On-the-job workers’ industrial distribution, with 3,000 people in the primary industry, unchanged from the previous year; There were 607,000 people in the secondary industry, a decrease of 41,000 people; The tertiary industry numbered 755,000, a decrease of 18,000.

　　Starting the "Ten Thousand Entrepreneurial Projects" and launching a series of "Double Innovation" activities, 228,400 people were employed and 18,000 new entrepreneurs were created in real-name registration system. Assisted the employment difficulties group to obtain employment of 8200 people. At the end of 2015, there were 104,200 registered unemployed people in cities and towns, and the registered unemployment rate in cities and towns was 3.18%.

　　Notes:

　　[1] The data in this bulletin are preliminary statistics. Due to rounding, some data are not equal to the total of sub-items.

　　[2] The absolute figures of regional GDP, added value of various industries, gross output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery and per capita regional GDP are calculated at current prices, and the growth rate is calculated at constant prices.

　　[3] The statistical scope of industrial enterprises above designated size is industrial legal person enterprises with annual main business income of 20 million yuan or more.

　　[4] The starting point of fixed assets investment statistics is 5 million yuan and above.

　　[5] Equipment manufacturing industry includes metal products industry, general equipment manufacturing industry, special equipment manufacturing industry, automobile manufacturing industry, railway, ship, aerospace and other transportation equipment manufacturing industry, electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industry, computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry, and instrument manufacturing industry.

　　[6] Online retail sales of goods above designated size refers to the amount of physical goods (including value-added tax) that enterprises (units) above designated size obtain orders through public online trading platforms (including self-built websites and third-party platforms) and sell to individuals and social groups for non-production and non-operation purposes. Payment can be made online or offline. Public networks include computer Internet and mobile Internet.

　　[7] In 2015, the accounting method and statistical caliber of highway passenger and freight volume changed, and the growth rate was calculated according to the comparable caliber.

　　[8] The capacity of mobile telephone exchange refers to the maximum number of simultaneous service users calculated by the mobile telephone exchange according to a certain traffic model and the processing capacity of the exchange.

　　[9] Fixed Internet broadband access users refer to users who registered in telecom enterprises at the end of the reporting period and accessed the public Internet through xDSL, FTTx+LAN, FTTH/0 and other broadband access methods and ordinary private lines.

　　[10] County (city) economic statistics caliber for Liaozhong County, Kangping County, Faku County, xinmin city.

　　[11] In 2015, the basic old-age insurance for urban residents and the new rural social old-age insurance were merged into the old-age insurance for urban and rural residents.

　　Source:

　　In this bulletin, the sown area and grain output of grain crops come from Liaoning Survey Corps of National Bureau of Statistics; Prices, income of urban and rural residents and other data come from Shenyang investigation team of National Bureau of Statistics; Data of aquatic products and total power of agricultural machinery come from the Municipal Rural Economic Committee; Import and export data from Shenyang Customs; The actual utilization of foreign direct investment, foreign economic cooperation and other data come from the Municipal Bureau of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation; Railway transportation data comes from Shenyang Railway Bureau; The data of highway transportation and urban public transportation come from the Municipal Transportation Bureau; Metro data comes from Shenyang Metro Group; Rail transit data comes from Hunnan Modern Tram Operation Company; Civil aviation data comes from China Southern Airlines, Shenzhen Airlines and Shenyang Taoxian Airport. Data such as car ownership and registered population come from the Municipal Public Security Bureau; The postal service data comes from the Municipal Postal Administration; Telecom business data comes from Shenyang Mobile, China Unicom, China Railcom and telecom companies. Tourism data comes from the Municipal Tourism Commission; Financial data comes from the Municipal Finance Bureau; Financial data comes from China People’s Bank Shenyang Branch; Scientific and technological achievements, technology contracts, patents and other data come from the Municipal Science and Technology Bureau; Education data comes from the Municipal Education Bureau; Cultural data comes from the Municipal Bureau of Culture and Broadcasting; Data on health and new rural cooperative medical system come from the Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission; Sports data comes from the Municipal Sports Bureau; The data of endowment insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, minimum wage standard, new employment in cities and towns, registered unemployment rate, etc. come from the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau. Data on urban and rural minimum living security, minimum living standard and social welfare come from the Civil Affairs Bureau.Urban construction data such as domestic waste treatment rate, urban sewage treatment, water supply, heat supply and gas supply come from the Municipal Urban and Rural Construction Committee; Environmental monitoring data such as ambient air quality come from the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau; Other data are from the Municipal Bureau of Statistics.

　　Interviewed experts: AARON Li (Professor, Doctoral Supervisor, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Director of Key Laboratory of Modern Anthropology, Ministry of Education, Vice President of Institute of Science and Technology Archaeology)

　　Yin and Yang are the preliminary classification of tea.

　　In detail, under the sun, it is divided into the sun, Yangming and Shaoyang; Below the yin, it is divided into Taiyin, Jueyin and Shaoyin.

　　Traditional philosophy pays attention to the "Qi of Heaven, Earth and Man". Combining with the influence of the Qi of these three talents on Yin and Yang, we subdivide the three Yin San Yang: the ones who get the weather are the sun and the Taiyin; Those who are popular are Yangming and Jueyin; Those who get qi from the earth are shaoyang and shaoyin.

　　Professor AARON Li told us that tea will also be influenced by the "three talents of heaven, earth and people" from the beginning of fresh leaves, to the picking and processing.

　　Take green tea as an example-"Green tea is dried and sealed by fire to inactivate enzymes, so that tea polyphenols and caffeine are not lost, and natural things born from sunlight still exist, but the sun is alive."

　　Take green tea as an example-"The shaking of green tea makes the enzyme overflow and ferment into acid, which is used by manpower and gets Yangming qi."

　　Take black tea as an example-"Black tea is fermented in situ by hot and humid pile fermentation to produce amine, which is stored in soil fertility and less yang."

　　Take yellow tea as an example-"Yellow tea is baked to inactivate enzymes, so that it is suffocated and oxidized in situ to form ketones, which is less yin."

　　Take black tea as an example-"Black tea beginners fry green to inactivate enzymes, knead and oxidize, followed by cool koji, slow enzymatic and aging to form tea polysaccharide, which is due to fainting yin."

　　Take white tea as an example-"White tea is sun-dried, which inactivates enzymes, slowly oxidizes all the year round and becomes sour, and then becomes ester due to the sun’s heat, and gradually becomes too yin."

　　To sum up, among the six teas, those who get the weather are Sun Green Tea and Taiyin White Tea; The popular ones are Yangming green tea and Jueyin black tea; Shaoyang black tea and Shaoyin yellow tea are the winners.

　　Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the three Yin San yang dominates the twelve meridians of the human body. Tea, which originated in Shennong era, first entered people’s lives as a traditional Chinese medicine. Since it is a traditional Chinese medicine, it is indispensable to return to the meridian based on sex and taste.

　　Therefore, according to the three Yin San Yang, the six teas entered the human body the twelve meridians, each with its own support.

　　Sun green tea: refreshing and diuretic. ※

　　Green tea, which belongs to the sun, has the spirit of heaven.

　　Why is it the spirit of heaven? From the production process, green tea, first pick the fresh leaves, and then with the help of fire, or frying, or baking, or steaming to kill the green, it seals up the essence of the sun and the moon gathered when the fresh leaves are born. "From a material point of view, it is to seal the caffeine and tea polyphenols in tea directly, so it retains the sun."

　　The sun corresponds to two meridians of the human body-the small intestine meridian of the hand sun and the bladder meridian of the foot sun. Because green tea contains caffeine and tea polyphenols, it will enter the corresponding meridians after drinking, thus playing the role of diuresis and refreshing.

　　As to whether to walk by hand or by foot, Professor AARON Li said that it depends on the raw materials. Like "Biluochun" and "Monkey Kui", the buds are very tender and slender, with the fragrance of snow chrysanthemum, and the buds are thin and light, so they go through the hands above; Like Longjing and Wuniuzao, the buds are very thick and thick, and the breath is heavy, with the fragrance of broad beans, so take the foot meridian below.

　　"It can be seen that the same green tea is made of buds, but the thickness and thickness of the buds determine whether it is refreshing by walking in the small intestine of the sun or diuresis by walking in the bladder of the sun."

　　Green tea soaking: 70℃ ~80℃, glass.

　　How can we maximize the efficacy of green tea? The key is the bubble method. "Yin tea is boiled in Yang, Yang tea is soaked in Yin, and harmony between Yin and Yang is the most important thing."

　　Yin tea is boiled in the sun because the yin qi is collected in, and the gas of Yin tea is tightly collected in the tea leaves. If high temperature and high pressure are not used, it will be difficult to give off this gas. Therefore, Shaoyin yellow tea, Jueyin black tea and Taiyin white tea should be cooked in high temperature, which we will talk about later.

　　Yang tea is soaked in yin, because the yang is divergent. The gas of Yang tea can be released easily only at low temperature and low pressure. If the temperature is too high, it will destroy the tea gas inside and make the tea gas run too fast and dissipate instantly. Therefore, sun green tea, Yangming green tea and Shaoyang black tea should be soaked in low temperature.

　　Specifically, green tea is sun tea, the most positive tea, so the required brewing temperature is the lowest, and about 70℃ is the most suitable. When the temperature exceeds 80℃, the caffeine in it will be released excessively, and even theophylline will come out, which will make the tea soup bitter.

　　To make green tea, it is advisable to use transparent and open cups, such as glasses. First, the temperature of the glass will dissipate quickly and there will be no backlog. Secondly, when brewing, we can also see the reaction of tea in it. The crisp green tea flutters up and down in the water. Slowly, the buds of one root begin to stand up. When most of the tea leaves no longer float but enter the water, the tea is basically ready, rippling and refreshing.

　　Drinking green tea: suitable for summer and morning.

　　"Don’t eat from time to time" is an old saying that diet should follow the seasonal solar terms, and so should drinking tea.

　　As far as seasons are concerned, nature has an eternal law of spring, summer, autumn harvest and winter storage. In order to adapt to seasonal changes, the human body should drink green tea in summer. On the one hand, summer is the season of growth, and the yang of everything is improving. Drinking some green tea can help refresh your mind and help your body grow more vigorously. On the other hand, the weather is hot in summer, and green tea is cold, so drinking green tea can help reduce the heat.

　　As far as time is concerned, the biological clock of the human body has a certain operating law, and Chinese medicine also has the saying of "Meridian Flowing", that is, the qi and blood in the twelve meridians are in the beginning and the end, and flow along the twelve-hour cycle, and each of them governs its corresponding organs. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the right time to drink tea in order to play the best meridian health care effect.

　　Drinking green tea should be from 5: 00 to 9: 00 in the morning, preferably in the morning (07: 00 ~ 09: 00). Its diuretic effect is helpful to release the dirt filtered and deposited in the bladder overnight, and the caffeine contained in green tea can also refresh the mind, help people feel refreshed and start a day’s study and work with a full posture.

　　Save green tea: sealed and frozen

　　The storage principle of tea is "Yang tea is hidden in the shade, and Yin tea is raised in the sun."

　　If Yang tea is well stored, its tea flavor will not be easily dispersed and it will last longer.

　　Three kinds of yang tea need to be sealed with three kinds of yin qi, which can seal up the yang qi and prevent it from escaping.

　　Specifically, green tea gas belongs to the sun, so it should be sealed with Taiyin gas. Too yin qi is the yin qi of the sky. It is cold and frozen. In ancient times, there was no refrigerator, and people dried and sealed green tea and hid it in a deep crypt. Now, we just need to seal the green tea and put it in the refrigerator for refrigeration or freezing.

　　However, because the solar gas dissipates fastest among all gases, the storage of green tea is generally limited to three years. Over three years, most of them are rotten.

　　Yangming Green Tea: Clearing the Intestine and Soothing the Stomach. ※

　　Green tea, belonging to Yangming, is very popular.

　　Why is it human spirit? Because green tea needs manpower to shake it before it is fixed, shaking it is the most critical step in the transformation of Yangming green tea. In the process of shaking green, the cells are crushed, and the enzymes in the tea spill out and come into contact with external oxygen, so that all the alcohol substances (mainly flavanols and flavonols) containing tannin in the tea are converted into tannic acid.

　　Because it is rich in tannic acid, green tea will enter the Yangming meridians of the human body-the large intestine meridian of the hand Yangming and the stomach meridian of the foot Yangming, which have the effects of clearing the intestine and soothing the stomach respectively.

　　Specifically, common green teas, such as Tieguanyin and Frozen Top Oolong, use tender and thin leaves. Generally speaking, they have three leaves and four leaves, and their breath is relatively light. With the fragrance of magnolia flowers, walking along Yangming’s large intestine meridian is helpful for clearing the intestines and defecating. And like Dahongpao and Fenghuang Dan Cong, they have four leaves and five leaves or more. The leaves are a little older and thicker, with the fragrance of cinnamon. The qi sinks in the foot Yangming and can relax and nourish the stomach.

　　Soak green tea: about 90℃, cover the bowl.

　　Green tea is Yangming tea, and the brewing temperature is a little higher than that of sun green tea, and the best is about 90℃ ~92℃.

　　Covering the bowl is the most suitable tool for brewing green tea, because its lid is generally airtight, relatively permeable and breathable, and will not suffocate the tea leaves. When brewing, first scald the cup, put in a proper amount of green tea, and carefully pour water of about 90℃ over the tea along the side of the cup, taking care not to disturb the tea too much, so as to directly dissolve the tannic acid on the surface. Then, cover the tea cover and pour a little water on the cover, which can slightly increase the air tightness and prevent the aroma inside from escaping. The water drops quickly, and the aroma rises to the surface. About half a minute, the green tea is ready.

　　Drinking green tea: suitable for autumn and afternoon.

　　Autumn is the season of convergence, so it is necessary to clean up the intestines and stomach to help the body keep clean and safely enter the semi-dormant state of winter storage. At this time, it is most suitable to drink green tea such as Tieguanyin and Frozen Top Oolong, which has the best effect of clearing intestines and detoxifying, removing dirt from the body and helping to clear the mind in autumn.

　　As far as time is concerned, the green tea of Shouyangming’s large intestine meridian, especially the frozen top oolong, is suitable for drinking from 03: 00 to 07: 00, which is helpful for defecation in the large intestine, but usually people are still asleep at this time, so there is no need to drink it specially.

　　From 11: 00 pm to 17: 00 pm, it is the time when we recommend drinking green tea. Especially in Shenshi (15: 00 ~ 17: 00), what I ate at lunch has been digested, so it is best to wash my stomach with rock tea with sufficient Yangming stomach meridian. However, rock tea can also be divided into warm and cool, such as Phoenix and Dan Cong, which are cooler, and Dahongpao, which is warmer, so you should choose according to your own physique.

　　Green tea: sealed cellar storage

　　Green tea is Yangming qi, "Yang tea is hidden in yin", so green tea should be sealed with Jue Yin qi corresponding to Yangming qi.

　　What is syncope and yin qi? Jue Yin Qi is human Yin Qi. "When people exhale, Yang Qi rises and Yin Qi sinks, so Jue Yin Qi goes down". The key to the storage of green tea is to put it in a low place, preferably in the basement, after sealing it. In this way, the effective functional components of tea will not be destroyed, and even change in a good direction, from yang to yin, and become Jueyin black tea. The more stored, the stronger the fragrance.

　　In fact, the main functional component of green tea is tannic acid, and everything containing tannic acid should be hoarded. "The most typical is red wine. How do you hide French red wine? After a barrel, put it in the cellar. " Professor AARON Li said that this is the same principle, that is, using Jue Yin qi to nourish Yang Ming qi.

　　Shaoyang Black Tea: Boldness and Beauty. ※

　　Black tea, which belongs to shaoyang, has the air of land.

　　Why is it the gas of the earth? Because before the black tea is fixed, it must be twisted and piled, which is the most critical step. How to make a pile? Spread a mat on the ground, or put a plaque on it, pile the kneaded black tea on it, and react through the influence of the ground gas to oxidize theanine in the bud leaves into amine substances.

　　Because it is rich in tea polyamines, after drinking, black tea will enter the channels of shaoyang in human body-the sanjiao channel of shaoyang in hand and the gallbladder channel of shaoyang in foot, which have the effects of beautifying face, promoting gallbladder function and expelling wind respectively.

　　The pheasant in black tea is red and small, with fine buds and light breath, with a fragrance similar to cocoa (chocolate), which can regulate human endocrine and help to maintain beauty when it enters the hands of Shaoyang Sanjiao Meridian. Dianhong, Meitan and other varieties have thick buds, few hairs on them, heavy breath, and the fragrance of Lysimachia christinae or raisins, which can dispel wind and benefit gallbladder when entering Shaoyang gallbladder meridian.

　　Black tea: about 97℃, black pottery.

　　Black tea is shaoyang tea, which has the weakest yang among the three yang, and needs the highest brewing temperature, which is 97℃.

　　You know, the main component of black tea is tea polyamines, and amine components must be dissolved at high temperature. However, if the high temperature lasts too long, amines will be further oxidized and converted into amino acids, which will make the tea soup sour and taste bad. Therefore, to make black tea, we must meet the demand of "it will disperse immediately after high temperature".

　　In all tea ware, the physical and chemical properties of black pottery are the best, and its heat permeability can be comparable to that of metal. When it is washed at high temperature, the pot wall is particularly hot to the touch, but at the same time, its air permeability is much better than that of metal, which will not cause too high air pressure and avoid the tea soup from being suffocated.

　　Therefore, black pottery is the only artifact for brewing black tea.

　　Drinking black tea: suitable for spring and afternoon.

　　Spring is the season of hair growth. At this time, it is necessary to mobilize the human yang and lift us from the state of winter storage.

　　Moreover, the spring is chilly, and warm food is needed to help warm the body. Therefore, black tea, which is not only helpful to enhance yang, but also warm, has become the best choice in spring.

　　"Afternoon black tea" is widely known all over the world. In fact, we do recommend drinking black tea in the late afternoon (13: 00 ~ 15: 00). At this time, the stomach has completed the preliminary digestion of food, and the fine meat and fat enter the intestine. A bubble of Bonanhong and Gushu black tea with the scent of Lysimachia christinae can promote bile secretion and help digestion and resolve malnutrition.

　　Save black tea: pottery seal

　　Black tea is less yang, "yang tea hides in the dark", so black tea should be sealed with less yin corresponding to less yang.

　　What is less yin qi? Less yin qi is the muddy qi on the ground. Therefore, in the storage of black tea, it is best to use pottery pots, such as purple sand pottery, to seal it. Note that all tea needs to be dried and sealed, which is the premise, but Shaoyang tea is drier. Pottery pots are breathable, but impermeable, which can best meet the requirements of sealing black tea.

　　Yellow tea, which belongs to shaoyin, gains the spirit of the earth. ※.

　　Why is it the gas of the earth? Because yellow tea should be kneaded after baking and deactivating enzymes, and then it should be stuffed on the spot. Through the key step of enveloping, the gas from the ground can be obtained, and the flavonols in tea can be further oxidized to produce ketones.

　　Because it is rich in tea flavonoids, yellow tea will enter the human body’s shaoyin meridians-hand shaoyin heart meridian and foot shaoyin kidney meridian, which play the roles of promoting blood circulation and nourishing kidney respectively.

　　As for whether to walk by hand or by foot, generally speaking, such as the ancient Fanjin bun, the first leaf is used, which is very tender and light, with the fragrance of Lycium barbarum, rising.

　　Promoting blood circulation and lowering three highs in the heart meridian; Such as Junshan Golden Brick, Zhengan Gold Ingot, etc., with the fragrance of hawthorn, use summer and autumn tea, the leaves and stems are older, and the gas is heavier, so go down, enter the kidney meridian of foot shaoyin and wash the kidney.

　　Yellow tea: 95℃ ~97℃, white porcelain.

　　As we have said before, "Yin tea is boiled in the sun, and Yang tea is soaked in the yin", so Shaoyin yellow tea, Jueyin black tea and Taiyin white tea should be boiled in the sun at high temperature, so that the tightened Yin tea gas can be emitted.

　　Yellow tea is less yin and contains the least yin, so it needs the lowest brewing temperature in Sanyin tea, which is 95℃ ~97℃.

　　As for tea ware, thick-walled white porcelain pots are recommended, with a pot wall of 3~4 mm or more. Take a proper amount of yellow tea, pour in the freshly boiled water, immediately cover the pot, and keep it stuffy for two or three minutes, or even longer, and the flavonoids in it can be released.

　　Many people use teapot to make yellow tea. Professor AARON Li pointed out that this is wrong. Because the main nutritional component of yellow tea is flavonoids, and flavonoids are an active non-.

　　Small molecules that are often strong are soaked in a teapot, and these molecules will drill into the pores of the teapot, which will lead to inferior taste of tea soup and even bitterness. In the white porcelain pot with smooth porcelain wall, ketones have no pores to drill, and all of them will be released in the tea soup, adding a strong smell and taste.

　　Drinking yellow tea: it should be long in summer and at noon.

　　In Chinese medicine, the last 18th day of each season is classified as "long summer". Because of the alternation of seasons, long summer often becomes the most suitable season for the body to get sick. At this time, it is best to drink yellow tea to regulate the body and mind and maintain the heart and kidney.

　　Professor AARON Li said that the more negative the tea, the greater the adaptability. Like yellow tea, it is suitable for drinking from 9 am to 9 pm. But the most recommended time to drink yellow tea is at noon (11: 00 ~ 13: 00). At noon, the heart meridian is in season. After lunch, the blood pressure of the human body tends to soar. After drinking a few yellow teas, it can dredge the heart and kidney, lower blood sugar and regulate blood lipids, and play a certain health care role.

　　According to Professor AARON Li’s textual research, ancient yellow tea was popular in the prosperous Tang Dynasty and lost in the Five Dynasties. "This is very interesting. The Tang Dynasty is rich in fat people, and fat people are more than three highs, so yellow tea that can reduce blood sugar and maintain cardiovascular disease is the most popular in the Tang Dynasty. In the Five Dynasties, when wars were frequent, the people were in poverty, and the people didn’t have enough to eat, and they were skinny, so naturally they wouldn’t drink yellow tea. "

　　Yellow tea: tin seal

　　As mentioned earlier, "Yang tea hides in the dark, while Yin tea nourishes in the sun".

　　Yin qi is transformed from yang qi, just as the moon is the light that reflects the sun. Therefore, in the process of storage, Yin tea should be nourished by yang to promote the transformation of negative components, which is called "Yin tea is nourished by yang."

　　Yellow tea with less yin should be sealed with less yang corresponding to less yin.

　　What is less yang? It is the yang of the earth-the gas of gold and jade. Therefore, yellow tea should be sealed in metal cans, especially tin cans. "We have observed that tin cans have a certain catalytic effect on the alcoholization of small molecular ketones." Professor AARON Li said.

　　Note: The metal contained in the soil is the yang of the earth, and the silt contained in the soil is the yin of the earth. Therefore, Shaoyang black tea should be raised with the yin qi of mud and silt, and Shaoyin yellow tea should be raised with the yang qi of jade.

　　Jueyin black tea: soothing the liver and calming the nerves. ※

　　Black tea, belonging to Jue Yin, is very popular.

　　Why is it human? Because after the black tea is fried to inactivate enzymes, it needs to be kneaded and oxidized, and then the strain is introduced for fermentation, and then slowly enzymized and aged, thus generating tea polysaccharides. In the process, rolling, blank making and pressing are transformed by human power.

　　After drinking, black tea rich in tea polysaccharides will enter the human Jueyin meridians-the pericardium meridian of hand Jueyin and the liver meridian of foot Jueyin, thus playing the role of calming the nerves and soothing the liver.

　　Black tea, such as ripe pu, takes very tender buds, which are fermented thoroughly, and will have the fragrance of dried tangerine peel. Going up the pericardium sutra can soothe the nerves; Jinhua black tea, such as a small piece of Jinhua, is made of two thick leaves and three thick leaves, which are heavy and go down, with astragalus fragrance, and enter the liver meridian of foot Jue Yin, which can soothe and nourish the liver.

　　Black tea: 99℃, purple sand/steamed tea ware.

　　Black tea is Jueyin, which contains moderate yin, and the required brewing temperature is 99℃ higher than that of Shaoyin yellow tea.

　　As mentioned earlier, you can’t use a teapot to make yellow tea, but if you make black tea, a teapot is the first choice. Thick-walled teapot is selected, and the fine pores in the teapot can absorb theophylline in black tea during the frothing process. However, tea polysaccharide, the main nutrient component of black tea, will not be absorbed, but will remain in the tea soup, which will double the taste and fragrance of tea.

　　In addition, although black tea can also be cooked, it is not recommended because it is too thick and easy to cook theophylline. If there is steamed tea ware at home, then, put the black tea on the upper layer, use steam to make the tea polysaccharide eluted and steamed, and the taste is quite good.

　　Drinking black tea: it is suitable for winter and evening.

　　In the autumn harvest and winter storage, in the winter, you should drink some tea that helps you to sleep and soothe your nerves. Black tea, such as Shupu, Liubao tea and Jinhua, can make people feel peaceful, so it is recommended to drink in winter.

　　The more negative the tea, the higher the adaptability. In theory, black tea can be drunk most of the day (9 am to 5 am the next day). However, because the effect of black tea is soothing the liver and calming the nerves, it is recommended to drink it at night. After dinner, come to a small piece of golden flower, the liver meridian is warm and sweaty, which is helpful for digestion and fat removal. So soothing the liver and nourishing the stomach will calm your mind and help you sleep at night.

　　Save black tea: put it aside.

　　Black tea belongs to Jue Yin Qi, and "Yin Tea Nourishes Yang", so black tea should be sealed with Yangming Qi corresponding to Jue Yin.

　　Yangming qi is the yang of human beings. "When people breathe out, the yang rises and the yin sinks." Therefore, black tea should be stored in an indoor ventilated place higher than human nose.

　　Professor AARON Li said frankly that the black tea in his home is placed on the top of the bookcase, which absorbs the gentleman’s spirit of the reader and is very well raised.

　　Taiyin White Tea: Strengthening Spleen and Moistening Lung ※

　　White tea, which belongs to the Taiyin, has the spirit of heaven.

　　Why is it the spirit of heaven? Because white tea needs to be sun-dried, with the help of the power of heaven, it will be slowly oxidized for a long time, and finally white tea ester will be produced.

　　Because it is rich in white tea ester, after drinking, white tea will enter the Taiyin meridians of the human body-the lung meridian of the hand Taiyin and the spleen meridian of the foot Taiyin, thus playing the role of moistening the lungs and strengthening the spleen.

　　Specifically, white tea made of buds, such as Jinggu Silver Needle and Baihao Silver Needle, has tender leaves and a fragrance similar to that of Sydney, which moistens the lungs with the Taiyin meridian. Take three leaves, four leaves and five leaves in autumn to make longevity eyebrows. The leaves are old and heavy, with the fragrance of dates, and they walk down the Taiyin spleen meridian to strengthen the spleen.

　　White tea: 100℃, silver pot.

　　White tea belongs to Taiyin, which is the tea with the heaviest yin qi, and the required brewing temperature is also the highest, which is 100℃.

　　It is suggested that white tea be boiled in a pot. Because white tea stored for a period of time will have a strong sour taste when taken out, this taste comes from fulvic acid produced in the process of making white tea, and fulvic acid can be neutralized with various alkaline components in tea after cooking, and then white tea ester is generated.

　　White tea ester is the most important functional component of white tea, and this esterification reaction can only be produced at high temperature and high pressure, so the cooking of white tea is very important.

　　Among tea ware, the silver pot has excellent thermal and electrical conductivity and is the first choice for cooking white tea.

　　Drinking white tea: all year round, all day long.

　　As mentioned earlier, "the more negative the tea, the higher the universality", while white tea is the most negative of the six types of tea, so it has the widest applicability.

　　As far as seasons are concerned, Professor AARON Li summarized six kinds of tea as "spring red, summer green, autumn green, winter black, long summer yellow and white in four seasons". White tea enters the spleen meridian, and the spleen is the immune center of human body, so white tea can be drunk in all seasons to improve human immunity.

　　As far as time is concerned, in theory, white tea can be drunk for 24 hours. However, Professor AARON Li argues that there should not be more than three kinds of tea in one day, and it is not advisable to drink too much tea before going to bed. Therefore, the specific drinking time of white tea can be chosen according to the actual situation of individuals.

　　White tea: sealed in the sun

　　White tea gas belongs to the Taiyin, and "Yin tea raises Yang", so it is necessary to raise it with the sun gas.

　　The sun’s qi is the yang of the sky, which is the brilliance of the sun and the moon. Therefore, it is best to put white tea in metal cans, clay pots, or wrapped in kraft paper, and then put it in the glass window to keep it from rain and sunlight.

　　As the saying goes, "white tea is tea for one year, medicine for three years, treasure for seven years, and it will be terrible in nine years." The better the white tea is stored, the more fragrant, sweet, smooth and moist it tastes. (Editor: Yang Xin)

　　This content is owned by China Family Doctor Magazine Co., Ltd. Anyone who uses this work by means of reprinting, excerpt, reproduction and translation must obtain the consent of our company.

　　This article is from the magazine Health and Wellness.

　　[Global Network Report Trainee Reporter Xu Jiali] "As before, our country is one of the key suppliers of agricultural products in the world, and we have established ourselves as a reliable and predictable partner." According to the "Russia Today" (RT) TV station, Russian President Vladimir Putin said on the 18th that despite the influence of western trade barriers, Russian agricultural exports increased last year.

Russian President Putin’s data map (Source: Foreign Media)

　　The report mentioned that when Putin met with the Russian Minister of Agriculture, he said that Russia reached the highest grain output in history last year, nearly 158 million tons. Putin said that in the current agricultural year ending June 30 this year, the country is expected to export as much as 60 million tons of grain. According to the Russian Ministry of Agriculture, as of March, Russia has exported 40 million tons of grain. In the last agricultural year, the overall grain export volume was only over 38 million tons.

　　According to the report, Putin said that Russia has achieved self-sufficiency in agriculture and has surpluses of fish, meat, vegetable oil, grain and sugar to export. He added, "Despite foreign trade barriers, Russia successfully increased its agricultural exports to $41.6 billion last year."

　　In addition, the report mentioned that since 2022, Moscow has become the target of several rounds of economic sanctions in the West, which have limited Russia’s ability to settle foreign trade transactions. However, Russia has established a new economic partnership and found alternative ways to carry out foreign trade, including using the currencies of relevant countries instead of the US dollar and the euro.